CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW
This chapter presents reviews of related theories contextualized to the topic being studied. The discussion in this chapter is divided into three main parts: theoretical
reviews, reviews of relevant study, and conceptual frameworks.
A. Theoretical Reviews
1. Reviews of Vocabulary
Below are the reviews of vocabulary. These include the definition of vocabulary, kinds of vocabulary, vocabulary learning, vocabulary mastery,
vocabulary teaching, and methods of teaching vocabulary.
a. Definitions of Vocabulary
Many experts agree that vocabulary is the base of the language that can make the person able to communicate in a language. Richards and Renandya
2002: 255 assert that vocabulary is a language main element and provides the learners of the language to be able to speak, write, read, and listen in a particular
language. Brown 2001: 377 states that vocabulary is the foundation to learn a language. Since its role as the basic element of a language, therefore, to be able to
communicate in a language, the learners’ need to know the language’s vocabulary first.
In line with Brown, Hatch and Brown 1995: 1 argue that vocabulary is the language basic construction, for that particular reason, it has an essential role in
communication. Along with Brown, Hatch and Brown, Ghazal 2007: 84 states
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that vocabulary is the base of a language and it has a significant role for language learners.
In addition, Lauferin Shakuori and Mehrgan 2012: 47 claim that it is impossible to understand the meaning of a text without knowing its vocabulary
both in native or the foreign language. Furthermore, Richards and Renandya 2002: 255 argue that without an extensive exposure and good strategies in
teaching vocabulary, it leads to the less vocabulary achievement of the learners as well as use it on the daily basis such as speaking to a native speaker, or write an
article in English. Finally, based on the experts
’ statements above, it can be concluded that vocabulary is a fundamental element in learning a language, occupies a significant
role for language learners, and it is important to learn vocabulary in order to be able to communicate in a language. Since it is the foundation of a language, it
provides the base for the learners to communicate. Vocabulary should be the first item that needed to be taught for language learners before any other elements,
even grammar. It does not mean that grammar or other elements of a language are less important. This is because when the learners know the vocabulary, they can at
least convey their ideas, while if they only know the grammar they cannot express their ideas at all.
b. Kinds of Vocabulary
Kategori