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it easier to understand the material given. The materials motivate the students to learn and to interact with their friends.
For English teachers, this study provides the benefits of teaching English based on the Cooperative Learning approach for the sixth grade students of
Elementary School. By reading the study, the English teachers may have more references of teaching-learning method that can be applied in class. It is also
hoped that the Elementary School English teachers may broaden their knowledge about English language teaching through the study.
For other researchers, this study can be used as the reference to conduct research and write scientific paper related to the topic. It also gives description
about designing integrated instructional materials based on cooperative learning approach in teaching English for the sixth grade students of Elementary School.
Through the study, other researchers may gain beneficial information that can be used to support their research.
F. Definition of Terms
This section presents some key words in the study. In order to avoid the different perceptions to these key words, here, some related terms are discussed.
1. Integrated
Integrated is a combination of four skills in learning language in the same time. It is meant to make students develop their language competence actively
Oxford, 2001: 2. Since the English subject is taught in an integrated way in Elementary School, the English skills and elements are taught in an integrated
manner. This study tries to integrate four skills: listening, speaking, reading, and PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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writing. So, in this study, an integrated material is a set of materials that integrate listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills.
2. Instructional Materials
According to Briggs and Gagne 1979: 3, instruction is a set of events which affect learners in such a way that learning is facilitated. Instructional
materials mean materials used for instruction. Savignon 1997: 132, states that a set of instructional materials can be resources in pursuing the language activities
at hand. In this study, instructional materials refers to a set of units used by the teachers or instructors and the students as the focus of discussing in teaching
learning process in order to develop students’ skills in English. 3.
Cooperative Learning Cooperative Learning is group learning activity organized so that learning is
dependent on the socially structured exchange of information between learners in groups and in which each learner is held accountable for his or her own learning
and is motivated to increase the learning of others Olsen and Kagan, 1982: 8. In this study, Cooperative Learning means a way in which the students work
together with their group, help each other, discuss, and argue each other in order to achieve a certain goal. Here, the students are responsible on their own learning
with the guidance of their teacher, so that it would be beneficial for everybody in the classroom. The writer believes that the students learn best when they are
involved in the process. 4.
Sixth Grade Students of Elementary School The instructional materials are made for the sixth grade students of
Elementary School. In Indonesia, the students age between ten up to thirteen years PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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old. In this study, sixth grade students is a group of students age between ten up to thirteen years old who are now learning in the sixth grade of SD Kanisius Kanutan
for whom the materials are designed. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
