47
According to Ary 2002: 382, one of the most important aspects of the interview is its flexibility. The interviewer has the opportunity to observe the subject and the
total situation in which he or she is responding. Questions can be repeated or their meanings explained in case they are not understood by the participants. The
participant of the interview was the SD Kanisius Kanutan Elementary School English teacher. The purpose of conducting this kind of interview was to obtain
information about the students from the teacher’s point of view. The writer used semi-structured interview in order to create a conducive atmosphere so that the
interviewee could give more detailed responses.
D. Data Gathering Technique
In order to design appropriate English instructional materials based on Cooperative Learning for the sixth grade students of SD Kanisius Kanutan, the
researcher conducted the survey twice. The first was pre-design survey and the second was post-design survey. These surveys were done by distributing
questionnaires and conducting interview with English teacher of SD Kanisius Kanutan.
Pre-design survey was for needs analysis. It was done before designing the materials. The purpose of the pre-design survey was to find out the needs of the
target learners so that the researcher could design the materials which were relevant to the learners needs. Ary 1972: 175 outlines two types of
questionnaires; they are structured and unstructured questionnaires. In the first type, the respondents only chose the correct answers that are already provided in
each question. However, the respondents could answer the questions freely. In PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
48
other words, the unstructured questions gave freedom for the respondents to express their opinions, comments, and suggestions.
In the questionnaires for needs analysis, the writer combined the two questionnaire types. This meant that the students were asked to answer the
questions by choosing one of the available responses and some questions were answered by using their own sentences. Post-design survey was for evaluating the
materials and it was conducted after designing the materials. In order to obtain relevant and suitable materials, the designed materials needed to be evaluated, to
ensure the validity. For this post-design survey, the researcher distributed material evaluation questionnaire to three Elementary English teachers and two English
lecturers of the English Language Education Program of Sanata Dharma University. The respondents were supposed to choose one of five points of
evaluation with the range 1 up to 5 in each question. They also needed to answer some provided questions in written form.
E. Data Analysis Technique
