and with attachment of suffix -ful it is translated to become penuh dengan arti. In another word the translation of suffix –ful is to state the meaning full of by using
adjective phrase penuh dengan arti.
2.2 Function of Translation
The main function of translation is to transfer the meaning and to convey the messages from source language into target language. Besides that, translation
also functioned to fulfill the desire of the readers to read some textbooks, which are written in foreign language. The readers will be easier to understand the
content of the textbooks if it is written in reader’s native language. The other function of translation proposes by Jiri Levy and Katharina
Reiss in Venuti 2000. Translation is a process of communication; the objective of translating is to impart the knowledge of the original to the foreign readers
Levy 1967:148. Moreover, Reiss 1971:160 says, “Translation between two different languages is a bilingual mediated process of communication, which
ordinarily aims at the production of a target language text that is functionally equivalent to a source language text”. Besides the two media involved in
translation i.e. SL and TL, there is still one medium, which is a translator who becomes a secondary sender, thus translating means secondary communication.
The use of two natural languages as well as the employment of the medium of the translator necessarily and naturally results in a change of message during the
communicative process.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
2.3 Types of Translation A translator translates a text from one language into another language so
that the meaning is correspondent. There are several types of translation exists, which type of translation is chosen depends upon some factors such as how close
the words of the source and target language are the nature of the message, the purpose of the translation, the difference of textual material, skill of the translator
and also the target community of the translation or the type of reader. In general, translation can be divided into two types, literal translation and
free translation. Types of translation may also base on the definition used. For instance, Larson 1984:15 divides translation into meaning based translation and
form based translation. Moreover, Newmark 1988:45 divides translation into eight; they are word-for-word translation, literal translation, faithful translation,
semantic translation, adaptation, free translation, idiomatic translation and communicative translation. Furthermore, the brief description of these types of
translation will be discussed below:
a. Literal Translation
