Stabilitas tipe emulsi sediaan nanokrim KAD Stabilitas ukuran droplet sediaan nanokrim KAD

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BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN

A. Kesimpulan

Sediaan nanokrim KAD dapat dihasilkan dengan kombinasi surfaktan Tween 80 dan Span 80 dengan perbandingan 8:2 sebesar 38 menggunakan mixer serta kombinasi surfaktan tersebut dapat menjaga stabilitas fisik nanokrim KAD setelah melewati accelerated testing pada suhu 40±2 °C, RH 75±5 selama satu bulan.

B. Saran

1. Dilakukan optimasi jumlah siklus untuk pembuatan nanokrim dengan emulsifikasi energi tinggi agar dihasilkan ukuran droplet yang seragam. 2. Perlu dilakukan uji aktivitas untuk mengetahui seberapa besar daya antioksidan dari kojic acid dipalmitate yang terkandung dalam sediaan nanokrim KAD. 3. Perlu dilakukan uji penetrasi nanokrim kojic acid dipalmitate melewati kulit. 46 DAFTAR PUSTAKA Abdulkarim, M. F., Abdullah, G. Z., Chitneni, M., Mahdani, E. S., Yam, M. F., Faisal, A., et al., 2010, Formulation and Characterization of Palm Oil Esters Based Nano-cream for Topical Delivery of Piroxicam, International Journal of Drug Delivery, 2, 333-339. ACCSQ-PPWG, 2005, Asean Guideline on Stability Study of Drug Products, 9th Edition, Philippines. Affandi, M. M. M., Julianto, T., and Majeed, A., 2011, Development and Stability Evaluation of Astaxanthin Nanoemulsion, Asian J Pharm Clin Res, 4 1, 142-148. Al-Edresi, S. and Baie, S., 2009, Formulation and Stability of Whitening VCO In Water Nano-cream. Internation Journal of Pharmaceutics, 73 2009, 174- 178. Al-Edresi, S. and Baie, S., 2010, In-vitro and In-vivo Evaluation of a Photo- protectective Kojic Dipalmitate Loaded Into Nano-creams, Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5 6, 251-265. Ali, S. M. and Yosipovitch, G., 2013, Skin pH: From Basic Science to Basic Skin Care, Acta Derm Venereol, 93 1, 261. Allen, L. V., Popovich, N. G., and Ansel, H. C., 2011, Ansel’s Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery Systems, 9 th Edition, Lippincott Williams Wilkins, USA, pp. 383, 394. American Pharmaceutical Association, 1994, Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients, 2end Edition, The Pharmaceutical Press, London, pp.2114- 2117. Aulton, M. E., 2002, Pharmaceutics The Science of Dosage Form Design, Second Edition, Churchill Livingstone, London, pp. 49-50. Balaguer, Salvador, and Chisvert, 2008, A Rapid and Reliable Size-exclusion Chromatographic Method for Determination of Kojic Dipalmitate In Skin- whitening Products, Talanta, 75 2008, 407-411. Depkes RI., 1995, Farmakope Indonesia, Edisi IV, Departemen Kesehatan RI, Jakarta, p.6. Dizaj, S. M., 2013, Preparation and Study of Vitamin A Palmitate Microemulsion Drug Delivery System and Investigation of Co-surfactant Effect, Journal of Nanostructure in Chemistry, 3 59, 2-6. Faizatun, Kartiningsih, and Liliyana., 2008, Formulasi Sediaan Krim Ekstrak Bunga Chamomile dengan Hidroksi Propil Metil Selulosa sebagai Pengental, Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian Indonesia, 6 1, 18-19. Fletcher, J., 2012, Making the connection-particle Size, Size distribution and Rheology, www.chemeurope.comenwhitepapers61207making-the- connection-particlesize-size-distribution-and-rheology.html, di akses tanggal 1 November 2015. Firoz, A., Afzal, M., and Imran, K., 2012, Preparation and Evaluation of Antifungal Micro-Emulsion Gel using reduce Dose of Silver, Supported by Ciprofloxacin, Indian Patent Journal, 2 3, 75.