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iv. Negative evaluation of the target text v.
Unfilled pauses longer than 3 seconds vi. Paralinguistic indicators
vii. The lack of a primary equivalent association Primary indicators are seen as stronger. As a consequence, the existence
of only one of the indicators can identify a particular segment in the verbalization made by the subject as the indication that he or she encounters a problem. On the
contrary, secondary indicators are seen as weaker that it needs at least two of them for the identification of a segment as the indication that a problem occurs.
C. Theoretical Framework
This part is worth explaining in that there are reasons why the theories are necessary and how they are applied. Thus, the theories of translation and
translation process are required to provide the core comprehension of the translation notion and everything that is supposed to be observed in the translation
process research. The theories of think-aloud protocol and screen recording contribute the fundamental apprehension to the mode of the two-method
utilization to elicit data for the analysis to answer the research questions. In addition to answer the first question, the problem indicators are used
for the classification of some particular segments in the verbalizations as indicating problems. Finally, the theories and categorization of translation problems are
necessary to identify and classify the translation problems that the subjects experience throughout the experiments.
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CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
For the sake of the research accomplishment in a systematic way, the researcher elaborates a set of procedures throughout this chapter which is divided
into four main points. The first point is the areas of research which briefly describe the extent of translation conducted by the researcher. The second point is
the object of the study in which the researcher provides the detailed descriptions of the objects being studied. The third point is the method of the study in which
the researcher explains the analysis steps to answer the problem formulation. The last point is the research procedure that mentions the types of collected data,
narrates the data collection process, discusses the population and sample concerning with the research, and describes how the data are analyzed.
A. Areas of Research
The areas of translation research organized by the researcher were “translation process” by conducting protocol studies and “text analysis and
translation” by dealing with the translation problems found in the translation products. According to Williams and Chesterman 2002: 25, translation process
research area, especially for protocol studies, was a research in which it sought to investigate the translation’s internal decision-making process by using think-aloud
methods or retrospective interviews. The TAPs could also be linked to computer records of keystroke usage so that the researcher could study the translator’s use
