b. Influential factors in learning independence
According to Hasan Basri 2000: 54 independence of learners is influenced by several factors: the factors contained in its own
endogenous factors and factors that are outside of him exogenous factors.
1 Endogenous factors internal Endogenous factors internal is all the influence that comes
from within itself, such as the constitutional state and growth of offspring from birth with all equipment attached to it. Everything
youre born a provision basis for further growth and development of the individual. The assortment of the nature of the father and mother
may be in dapakan in a person, such as talent, intellectual potential, and the potential growth of the body.
2 Exogenous factors external Exogenous factors external are all of the circumstances or
the influence that comes from outside himself, often called the environmental factors. Facing individuals living environments that
influence the development of ones personality, both in negative and positive. Family environment and a good community, especially in
the areas of values and habits of life will shape the personality including also in terms of independence.
Muhammad Ali and Muhammad Asrori 2002: 118-119 mentions a number of factors that affect the independence, namely:
1 Gene or the offspring of parents. Parents have high independence properties often drop the kids who have the
independence as well. 2 The pattern of parenting. The way parents nurture and educate
children will affect the development of the independence of teenagers.
3 The system of education in schools. The education process in schools that do not develop democracy education and tend to
emphasize indoctrination without argument would hinder the development of learner autonomy.
4 The system of life in society. System of a society that overemphasize the importance of hierarchical social structure, a
feeling of insecurity or gripping as well as lack of respect for the manifestation of the potential of youth in productive activities
may hamper the development of the independence of teenagers or students.
From the above it can be concluded that a person in achieving independence can not be separated from the factors that underlie the
formation of independence itself. Factors that affect the independence is crucial once someone independence achieved.
Similarly, the independence of learners affected by factors of the learners themselves or from outside the family environment, school,
social and economic environment, and the community. These factors have a very important role in the next life will
determine how much an individual act and think independently in life. Thus, the authors argue in achieving independence by someone
not be separated from the factors mentioned above and independence of learners in learning will be realized depends heavily on learners
proficiency level look, feel, and perform learning activities or daily activities in the neighborhood.
c. Aspe
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