Astuti’s undergraduate thesis has similar focuses in dealing with readability and strategies applied. Even it has two similar focuses; it also has
another different focus. Astuti observed the accuracy, readability, and also the strategy of translation while this study only discusses the readability and
strategies applied. However, the method of finding the readability is different from Astuti’s thesis.
Christian Rama Yudha Prasetyo, in his graduated thesis, discusses about
the readability of the Indonesian version of the gothic terms in “The Masque of the Red Death”, and it also analyzes the method applied in the
most translation of gothic terms. There are five methods used in those translations of gothic terms: Exociticism, Cultural Borrowing, Calque,
Communicative Translation, and Cultural Transplantation. The conclusion of this undergraduate thesis is the communicative method is readable to translate
the gothic terms. The similarity between Prasetyo’s thesis and this research is the focus
of the study. The focus of his research is the readability of gothic terms and methods which are applied in translating those gothic terms, while this
research also analyzes the readability and methods in food and beverage product labels’ translations. The difference is the terms between Prasetyo’s
thesis and this research, Prasetyo analyzed the book from Poe and this research analyzed the food and beverage product labels.
B. Review of Related Theories
1. Theory of Translation
Catford 1965:1 in “A Linguistic Theory of Translation” defines translation as an operation performed on language for a text in another.
Newmark 1981:7 in his book “Approaches to Translation” states translation is a craft consisting of the attempt to replace a written message
andor statement in one language by the same message andor statement in another language.
From those definitions, it can be concluded that translation is the process of substituting one language into anotherother language.
2. Theory of Readability
According to Sakri, Readability refers to the easy degree of a text to be understood 1993:135 in Nababan 1999:62. It can be summarized that
readability is how easily written materials can be read and understood. Based
to Nababan’s in Strategi Penilaian Kualitas Terjemahan in Jurnal Linguistik Bahasa, the focus on the readability in translation needs
to consider some readability indicators and the score category of readability. The relation between translation and readability: Readability is
also used in translation because translating is always related to reading. Basically, in translation context, the readability is not only related to the
readability of the target language text. This is appropriate with the reality of every translation process which always involves two languages at once.
The indicator is used to assess the readability of the technical term comes from Nababan:
Table of Readability Indicator
Table 1. Nababan’s Readability Rating Instrument modified and translated
Score Readability Indicators
1 The TT text is easy to be read and understood, as
well as providing a correct information 2
The TT text cannot be read and understood, and also does not provide a correct information
The table above is applied to calculate the average score for measuring the terms of readability by Nababan’s Rating Instrument modified in the
translation. Table Readability’s Score Category
Table 2. Readability’s Score Category Score
Category
1-1.5 Readable
1.6-2 Not readable
The score category above is based on the total score in each data divided by total of the respondents. The score 1-1.5 indicates that the
translation is readable; meanwhile the score 1.6-2 indicates that the translation is not readable. Those readability indicators and scoring system
will be used to determine whether the translations process of food and beverage product labels are readable or not.
3. Theory of Translation Strategy
According to Suryawinata and Hariyanto, translation strategy is a translator’s way to translate a word, or a group of word, or even a full
sentence if the sentence cannot be broken down into smaller units to be translated 2003: 67.
The perspective translation strategy comes from Suryawinata and Hariyanto. The translation strategy is used to arrange the translation
process properly and to transfer Source Text ST into Target Text TT. It is divided into two types. The first is Structural Strategy; a strategy which
related with structural perspective: addition, subtraction, and transposition. The second is Semantic Strategy; a strategy which related with
consideration of meaning 2003:67.
a. Structural Strategy
There are 3 basic strategies related to structural problem which divided into three categories: Addition, Subtraction, and Transposition.
Suryawinata 2003:67-69
