translation is readable; meanwhile the score 1.6-2 indicates that the translation is not readable. Those readability indicators and scoring system
will be used to determine whether the translations process of food and beverage product labels are readable or not.
3. Theory of Translation Strategy
According to Suryawinata and Hariyanto, translation strategy is a translator’s way to translate a word, or a group of word, or even a full
sentence if the sentence cannot be broken down into smaller units to be translated 2003: 67.
The perspective translation strategy comes from Suryawinata and Hariyanto. The translation strategy is used to arrange the translation
process properly and to transfer Source Text ST into Target Text TT. It is divided into two types. The first is Structural Strategy; a strategy which
related with structural perspective: addition, subtraction, and transposition. The second is Semantic Strategy; a strategy which related with
consideration of meaning 2003:67.
a. Structural Strategy
There are 3 basic strategies related to structural problem which divided into three categories: Addition, Subtraction, and Transposition.
Suryawinata 2003:67-69
i. Addition
This strategy is used to add some words in the Source Language SL because the SL needs some words to be accepted as a must.
For example:
SL: Saya guru
TL: I am a teacher
The word “am” and “a” must be added in order to make the Target
Language TL can be accepted.
ii. Subtraction
Subtraction means omitting some structural elements in the Target Language TL
For example:
SL: You should go home SL: Her husband is an engineer
TL: Kamu mesti pulang TL: Suaminya insinyur
The structural elements of “go” and “is an” are omitted from the
Target Text TT.
iii. Transposition
In this strategy, the translators change the original structure of Source Language SL in the Target Language TL sentence to get the same
meaning. The changes of the structure can be plural into singular, adjective phrase, or the whole sentences.
For example:
SL: Musical instruments can be divided into two basic groups
TL: Alat music bisa dibagi menjadi dua kelompok dasar
From the example above, the plural word in the Source Language SL into singular in the Target Language TL.
“Instruments” plural is changed into
“alat” singular. Similarly the word “groups” is translated into
“kelompok”, not “kelompok-kelompok”.
b. Semantic Strategies
Semantic strategy is a translation strategies related with the meaning. Those strategies are focusing in the words, phrases, clauses, and
sentences. Semantics strategies are divided into 9 strategies. Those are Borrowing, Cultural Equivalent, Descriptive Equivalent, Synonym,
Official Translation, Reduction and Expansion, Additional, Omission, and Modulation Suryawinata 2003:70-76.
i. Borrowing
Borrowing is a translation strategy whereby the translators use a word or expression from Source Language in the Target Language. The
reason of using this strategy is to show the respect through the words.
