10 an idea for them to develop materials using stories and multimedia materials. It
will be challenging because students in this era have a high interest in reading. They also concern about the development of technology.
F. Definition of Terms
Definition of terms is presented to give clear explanation to some technical terms that are used in the research.
1. Integrated Approach
Celce-Murcia 2001 defines integrated approach as a teaching approach that “encourages the teaching of all four skills, listening, speaking, reading, and
writing, within one general framework of using language for learning as well as for communication” p. 301. There are two models of integrating instructions,
based on content and based on task. The first model is called content-based instructions CBI. It focuses on what has to be taught content in order to
develop communicative competences. The second model is called task-based instruction TBI. It focuses on how things have to be done activities to develop
communicative competences. In this research, the researcher applies the second model, TBI. The researcher arranges some activities listening, speaking, reading,
and writing tasks into one continuum framework to show the relation between linguistic forms, communicative functions, and semantic meanings.
2. Workbook
A workbook is one type of educational products. It is different from a textbook because it focuses on providing activities rather than presenting theories.
It can function either as instructional materials or supplementary materials.
11 Instructional materials are a set of materials that are designed and used in main
learning and teaching process in the classroom. They are also called as the main materials. Then, supplementary materials are additional materials used to support
the main materials, rehearse the discussed materials, and enrich students’
knowledge. In this research, the researcher designs a workbook that can function either
as instructional materials or supplementary materials. The workbook consists of some units that are determined based on topics. Each unit provides some activities
that are developed using stories and specified based on TBLT conceptual basis and framework. The workbook is also completed with some visual, audio, and
audio-visual materials. They were adopted, adapted, and developed based on subject contents.
3. Story
Based on Oxford dictionary, a story is a series of events and description of people that the writer or speaker has invented in order to entertain people
“Story”. In Literature, it is classified as prose or narrative fiction. Roberts and Jacobs 1987
mention, “fiction originally meant anything made up, crafted, or shaped
… based in the imagination of the writer” p. 58. It includes novels, short stories, myths, parables, romances, and epics. All of them have common elements,
such as themes, characters, plots, structures, and settings. They also have other elements that function as tools of presentation, such as narration, style, point of
view, description, dialogue, commentary, etc. In this research, the researcher develops some stories that can be used not
only for entertaining purposes but also for language learning and teaching
