Research Setting RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

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b. Expert

Two lecturers from the English Language Education Study Program of Sanata Dharma University were selected to be the participants. The researcher selected the lecturers because they had experiences in the field of language teaching especially in educational research and development, instructional design, curriculum and material development, evaluating, editing, or designing an educational products or books. They also have obtained at least graduate degree of English language education. The lecturers had an important role as experts because they have had experiences and knowledge about this field. Therefore, they were accountable to evaluate and verify the materials. They were selected to evaluate the materials and contribute feedbacks opinions and suggestions and comments.

D. Instruments and Data Gathering Technique

Instruments employed in this research were selected based on the research participants involved in the research and the type of data.

1. Instruments of Research and Information Collecting

In the research and information process, the researcher used classroom observations, an interview, and questionnaires as the research instruments.

a. Classroom Observations

In this process, the researcher conducted classroom observations to record grade VII classroom routines at SMP Negeri 2 Yogyakarta. From the classroom routines, the researcher aimed to identify students’ characteristics, especially about their motivations and attitudes toward the learning and teaching process, 55 related to the use of preferred learning styles, preferred teaching methods, activities, and media or teaching aids. The researcher recorded students’ and teacher’s activities in the classroom during the English course. Therefore, the researcher used two observation forms. They were a classroom observation form of the students’ activity and a classroom observation form of the teacher’s activity. In the classroom observation forms, the researcher used performance checklists and field notes. Performance checklists were selected to find whether certain behavior is present or not. Then, field notes were selected to obtain more detailed information.

b. An Interview

In this process, the researcher conducted an interview to obtain data from the grade VII English teacher at SMP Negeri 2 Yogyakarta. The data were about the English teacher’s feeling, thoughts beliefs, and opinions related to the students’ characteristics and teaching experiences using the commonly used methods, activities, media or teaching aids, and English books. They type of the interview was semi-structured. The researcher had constructed list of questions as the guideline, but the researcher could omit, add, or change the questions if necessary in order to respond to the actual situation, such as the emerging of broad view, new ideas, or interesting topics. Therefore, in the interview guide list, the researcher used close-ended questions yes-no questions and open-ended questions WH questions. Yes-no questions were selected to obtain specific information based on the determined categories. Then, WH questions were selected to obtain broad or additional information that needed further explanations or examples.