52 who were selected from the school as the sample of the research had some
characteristics that meet the aim of the research. They were grade VII students and the English teacher.
C. Research Participants
Research participants were categorized into two groups. They were participants of research and information collecting and participants of materials
validation.
1. Participants of Research and Information Collecting
Participants involved in the research and information collection were grade VII students of junior high school and the English teacher.
a. Grade VII Students of Junior High School
From seven classes of grade VII at SMP Negeri 2 Yogyakarta, students from three classes were selected to be the participants. The researcher only
selected three classes because of the limitation of the time and difficulty in managing the process. Besides, one class could not be selected because it was an
accelerated class that had different program from other classes. Those classes were selected based on the suggestion of the English teacher. The students were
chosen to contribute information about their motivations, attitudes, needs, and interests related to the use of story, preferred learning styles, preferred teaching
methods, activities, media or teaching aids, English books, difficulties in listening to or reading English stories and in the English learning and teaching process, and
capabilities to overcome their difficulties and to get an access to a computer or laptop and internet.
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b. Grade VII English Teacher of Junior High School
One grade VII English teacher from SMP Negeri 2 Yogyakarta was selected to be the participant. The researcher only selected one teacher because the
teacher was the only teacher who was in charge of the whole classes of grade VII. The English teacher has obtained graduate degree of English Teaching and had
experiences in teaching grade VII of junior high school. The teacher was selected to contribute more information about the students’ characteristics and give
opinion about the teaching experiences using the commonly used methods, activities, media or teaching aids, and English books. Besides, the English teacher
had an important role as consultant. The English teacher had knowledge in recognizing, selecting, and determining the effectiveness and efficiency of the
learning and teaching materials.
2. Participants of Materials Validation
Participants involved in materials validation were one English teacher as a practitioner and two lecturers as experts.
a. Practitioner
One grade VII English teacher from SMP Negeri 2 Yogyakarta was selected to be the participant. The English teacher was the participant who had
involved in the previous process. The English teacher had and important role as a practitioner because the English teacher had experiences in conducting real
learning and teaching processes. Therefore, the English teacher had an ability to evaluate the design and determine whether the materials were appropriate or not.
The English teacher was selected to evaluate the materials and contribute feedbacks opinions and suggestions and comments.
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b. Expert
Two lecturers from the English Language Education Study Program of Sanata Dharma University were selected to be the participants. The researcher
selected the lecturers because they had experiences in the field of language teaching especially in educational research and development, instructional
design, curriculum and material development, evaluating, editing, or designing an educational products or books. They also have obtained at least graduate degree of
English language education. The lecturers had an important role as experts because they have had experiences and knowledge about this field. Therefore,
they were accountable to evaluate and verify the materials. They were selected to evaluate the materials and contribute feedbacks opinions and suggestions and
comments.
D. Instruments and Data Gathering Technique
Instruments employed in this research were selected based on the research participants involved in the research and the type of data.
1. Instruments of Research and Information Collecting
In the research and information process, the researcher used classroom observations, an interview, and questionnaires as the research instruments.
a. Classroom Observations
In this process, the researcher conducted classroom observations to record grade VII classroom routines at SMP Negeri 2 Yogyakarta. From the classroom
routines, the researcher aimed to identify students’ characteristics, especially
about their motivations and attitudes toward the learning and teaching process,
