Saran Penelitian Lanjutan Irigasi 80 Persen Listrik

akan selalu meningkat terus. Pola alokasi terbaik dan dapat diterapkan di Daerah Irigasi Jatiluhur adalah alokasi air untuk irigasi 80 persen sampai dengan 85 persen. Pilihan ini akan tetap memberikan manfaat sosial bersih bagi pengguna dan Perusahaan Umum Jasa Tirta II. Hal ini akan membantu meringankan tanggung jawab pemerintah yaitu dapat mengurangi beban APBN.

8.4 Saran Penelitian Lanjutan

Agar diperoleh model yang dapat menangkap semua fenomena yang ada, model ASDIJ dapat dikembangkan lebih lanjut dengan memasukkan, yaitu: 1. Memperluas pembuatan model untuk mencari nilai air yang sesungguhnya, dengan menambah variabel faktor investasi, biaya ekstrasi, biaya manajemen dan biaya lingkungan dimasukkan. 2. Memperluas pembuatan model dengan menambah variabel untuk mencari nilai air yang memberikan keseimbangan antar pengguna baik dari segi jarak maupun besaran penggunaan air. 3. Mempertajam kendala dengan menambah variabel sumberdaya yang ada di Daerah Irigasi Jatiluhur sehingga dapat memberikan output yang lebih akurat. DAFTAR PUSTAKA Arsyad, L. 1999. Ekonomi Mikro, Ichtisar Teori Soal Jawab. BPFE, Yogyakarta. BPS . 2001. Jawa Barat Dalam Angka. Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Jawa Barat, Bandung. ──. 2002. Jawa Barat Dalam Angka. Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Jawa Barat, Bandung. ──. 2003. Jawa Barat Dalam Angka. 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Innovative Approaches to Water Allocation: The Potential for Water Markets . Water Resources Research, 224: 439-445. Howitt, R.E. 1995. A Calibration Method for Agriculture Economic Production Models . Journal Agricultural Economics, 462:147-159. Irianto, G. dan B. Kartiwa 2000. Analisis Potensi dan Ketersediaan Air Berbasis DAS Berdasarkan Neraca Air DAS. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian, Departemen Pertanian, Bogor. Johansson, R. C. 2000. Pricing Irrigation Water. A Literrature Survey. Policy Reasearch Working Paper 2449. Rural Development Department. World Bank, Washington, D.C. Katiandagho, T. M. 2007. Model Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air dalam Kompetisi Antar Sektor di Wilayah Hilir Daerah Irigasi Jatiluhur: Pendekatan Otimasi Dinamik. Disertasi Doktor. Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor. Kemper, K. E. 1999. Institutional Frameworks in Succesful Water Markets. World Bank Technical Paper No. 427, Washington, D.C. Kennedy, J.O.S. 1986. 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Irigation Investment, Fiscal Policy, and Water Resources Allocation in Indonesia and Vietnam . International Food Policy Research Institute Project No. 2635-000, RETA 5866. Asian Development Bank, Washington, D.C. Rosegrant, M.W., C. Ringler, D.C.McKinney, X. Cai, A. Keller, and G. Donoso. 2000. Integrated Economic-Hydrolic Water Modeling at the Basin Scale : The Maipo River Basin . Agricultural Economics Journal, 241 : 33-46. Rosegrant, M.W., M.S. Praisner, S. Meijer, and J. Witcover. 2001. Global Food Productions to 2020: Emerging Trends and Alternative Futures . International Food Policy Institute, Washington, D.C. Rosegrant, M.W., X. Cai, and S. Cline, S. 2002. World Water and Food to 2025: Dealing With Scarecity . International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, D.C. ────. 2002. World Water and Food to 2025: Policy Respons to Threat of Scarcity . International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, D.C. Rosenthal, R.E. 2008. GAMS-A User’s Guide. 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Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor. Sjarief, R. dkk 2003. Ekonomi Teknik Proyek Sumberdaya Air, Pengantar Praktis. PT. Mediatama Saptakarya dan Masyarakat Hidrologi Indonesia, Jakarta. Sustainable World Water Forum. 2000. Forum Report on Water and Economics of the Second World Water Forum, The Hague . Syaukat, Y. 2000. Economics of Integrated Surface and Groundwater Use Management in The Jakarta Region, Indonesia . Ph. D. Thesis. Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Guelph, Guelph. Tiwari, D. and A. Dinar. 2000. Role and Use of Economic Incentieves in Irrigated Agriculture. Paper Presented at the ‘World Bank Workshop on Intitutional Reform in Irrigation and Drainage’. The World Bank, Washington, D.C., December 11, 2000. Tsur, Y., A. Dinar. 1997. The Relative Efficiency and Implementation Costs of Alternative for Pricing Irrigation Water . The World Bank Economic Review, 112: 243 - 262. ────. 1995. Efficiency and Equity Considerations in Pricing and Allocating Irrigation Water . The World Bank, Agriculture and Natural Resources Department, Agricultureal Policies Division, Washington, D.C. ────, A. Dinar, R.M. Doukkali, and T.L. Roe. 1997. Paper Efficiency and Equity Implications of Irrigation Water Pricing . Paper. Presented on International Seminar. “Les Politiques D’irrigation Considerations Micro Macro Economiques” Agadir – Maroc. Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 7 Tahun 2004 Tentang Sumber Daya Air. Departemen Pekerjaan Umum, Jakarta. Vörösmarty, C. J., P. Green, J. Salisbury, and R,B. Lammers. 2000. Global Water Resources: Vulnerability from Climate Cahnge and Population Growth . Science 289, New York. Wichelns, D. 1998. “Economic Issues Regarding Tertiary Canal Improvement Programs, with an Example from Egypt ”, Irrigation and Drainage Systems, 12: 227 – 251. Wolter, H.W. and C.M. Burt. 1997. Concepts of Mdernization, In: Modernization of Irrigation Schemes: Past Experience and Future Options. Water Report 12, Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome. World Bank. 1982. Indonesia: Policy Options and Strategies for Major Food Crops. World Bank, Washington, D.C. Young, R. A. 2004. Determining the Economic Value of Water Concept and Methods . An RFF Press book, New York. ────. 1996. Measuring Benefits for Water Investment and Policies. World Bank Technical Paper No. 338, World Bank, Washington, D.C. Lampran 1 Tabel Manfaat Marjinal dan Biaya Maarjinal Pengguna Per Sektor Per Wilayah dari Status Quo pada Tingkat Pertumbuhan Ekonomi 5 Persen dan Tingkat Diskonto 5 Persen Rata-rata 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 per sektor

1. Manfaat Marjinal Nilai Air

Listrik-Juanda 33.67 35.96 38.41 41.02 43.81 46.79 49.97 53.37 57.00 60.87 65.01 69.44 74.16 79.20 84.59 90.34 57.73 57.73 Irigasi TT 33.49 30.81 28.35 26.08 23.99 22.07 20.31 18.68 17.19 15.81 14.55 13.38 12.31 11.33 10.42 9.59 19.27 Irigasi TU 36.65 33.53 30.68 28.08 25.69 23.51 21.51 19.68 18.01 16.48 15.08 13.79 12.62 11.55 10.57 9.67 20.44 19.88 Irigasi TB 33.56 31.04 28.71 26.56 24.57 22.72 21.02 19.44 17.99 16.64 15.39 14.23 13.17 12.18 11.27 10.42 19.93 PDAM KK TT 72.61 77.98 83.75 89.95 96.61 103.76 111.43 119.68 128.54 138.05 148.26 159.24 171.02 183.68 197.27 211.87 130.86 PDAM KK TU 71.20 76.62 82.44 88.70 95.45 102.70 110.51 118.90 127.94 137.66 148.13 159.38 171.50 184.53 198.56 213.65 130.49 146.11 PDAM KK TB 93.37 100.84 108.91 117.62 127.03 137.20 148.17 160.03 172.83 186.66 201.59 217.71 235.13 253.94 274.26 296.20 176.97 Industri TT 145.29 156.04 167.58 179.99 193.30 207.61 222.97 239.47 257.19 276.23 296.67 318.62 342.20 367.52 394.72 423.93 261.83 Industri TU 145.26 156.30 168.18 180.96 194.71 209.51 225.43 242.57 261.00 280.84 302.18 325.15 349.86 376.45 405.06 435.84 266.21 270.21 Industri TB 149.10 161.03 173.92 187.83 202.86 219.08 236.61 255.54 275.98 298.06 321.91 347.66 375.47 405.51 437.95 472.99 282.59 PAM DKI 185.38 200.03 215.83 232.88 251.28 271.13 292.55 315.66 340.59 367.50 396.53 427.86 461.66 498.13 537.50 579.96 348.40 348.40

2. Biaya Marjinal Pengguna Listrik-Juanda

18.53 20.24 22.08 24.08 26.23 28.56 31.07 33.77 36.68 39.82 43.21 46.85 50.77 54.98 59.52 64.39 37.55 37.55 Irigasi TT 3.01 2.77 2.55 2.34 2.15 1.98 1.82 1.68 1.54 1.42 1.31 1.20 1.11 1.02 0.94 0.86 1.73 Irigasi TU 4.68 4.28 3.92 3.59 3.28 3.00 2.75 2.51 2.30 2.10 1.93 1.76 1.61 1.47 1.35 1.23 2.61 1.80 Irigasi TB 1.76 1.63 1.51 1.40 1.29 1.19 1.10 1.02 0.95 0.87 0.81 0.75 0.69 0.64 0.59 0.55 1.05 PDAM KK TT 16.91 18.16 19.50 20.95 22.50 24.16 25.95 27.87 29.93 32.15 34.53 37.08 39.83 42.80 54.02 65.22 31.97 PDAM KK TU 13.70 14.74 15.86 17.07 18.37 19.76 21.26 22.88 24.62 26.49 28.50 30.67 33.00 35.54 46.51 57.47 26.65 31.46 PDAM KK TB 17.96 19.40 20.95 22.62 24.43 26.39 28.50 30.78 33.24 35.90 38.77 41.88 45.23 48.88 61.93 75.12 35.75 Industri TT 71.51 76.43 81.69 87.30 93.30 99.70 106.54 113.84 121.64 129.96 138.85 148.33 158.46 169.29 187.89 207.11 124.49 Industri TU 72.90 77.94 83.31 89.05 95.18 101.71 108.69 116.13 124.07 132.54 141.58 151.21 161.49 172.47 191.61 211.42 126.96 128.01 Industri TB 72.42 77.83 83.65 89.89 96.59 103.78 111.51 119.80 128.71 138.27 148.53 159.55 171.37 184.09 206.24 229.29 132.60 PAM DKI 57.89 62.46 67.40 72.72 78.47 84.67 91.36 98.57 106.36 114.76 123.83 133.61 144.17 155.61 170.19 183.63 109.11 109.11 Keterangan: TT = Tarum Timur, TU = Tarum Utara, TB = Tarum Barat, KK = KabupatenKota Rata-rata Tahun Rpm3 Sektor Wilayah