Saran Praktis Saran Penelitian 1. Saran Metodologis

5. Berdasarkan analisis regresi stepwise, dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada 4 aspek job characteristics yang menjadi prediktor employee engagement, yaitu task identity, skill variety, autonomy, dan feedback.

B. Saran Penelitian 1. Saran Metodologis

Nilai koefisien determinasi yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini adalah sebesar 40.8, hal ini menunjukkan peranan job characteristics terhadap employee engagement adalah sebesar 40.8 , selebihnya employee engagement di perusahaan Telekomunikasi dipengaruhi variabel lain yang tidak diteliti dalam penelitian ini. Sehubungan dengan hal ini, maka disarankan kepada peneliti selanjutnya yang berminat meneliti employee engagement di perusahaan Telekomunikasi untuk mengkaji variabel-variabel lain yang mungkin mempengaruhi employee engagement, seperti : kepemimpinan, komunikasi, kesehatan dan keselamatan kerja, pengembangan karir, serta image perusahaan yang tidak dilihat peranannya dalam penelitian ini.

2. Saran Praktis

a. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya hubungan positif antara job characteristics dengan employee engagement. Sumbangan efektif job characteristics terhadap employee engagement sebesar 40.8, yang artinya, dari berbagai faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi employee engagement, 40.8 adalah job characteristics. Oleh karena itu, dapat Universitas Sumatera Utara menjadi masukan bagi perusahaan untuk terus mengoptimalkan kondisi pekerjaan yang memiliki variasi keterampilan, kejelasan tugas, diberikan tanggung jawab untuk mengambil keputusan sendiri, umpan balik yang jelas serta pekerjaan tersebut penting tidak hanya untuk karyawan tetapi juga orang lain dan organisasi sehingga karyawan merasa engaged. b. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat employee engagement karyawan tinggi. Hal ini dapat menjadi perhatian khusus bagi perusahaan untuk mempertahankan dan lebih memperhatikan hal-hal lain yang dapat ditingkatkan untuk terus memacu tingkat engagement karyawan seperti gaya kepemimpinan, komunikasi, serta kesehatan dan keselamatan kerja karyawan. Universitas Sumatera Utara DAFTAR PUSTAKA Albrecht, S.L., 2010. Handbook of employee engagement perspective, issues, research and practice, UK: MGP Books Group. Azwar, S., 1999. Penyusunan skala psikologi, Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar. Azwar, S., 2012. Penyusunan skala psikologi edisi 2, Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar. Azwar, S., 1997. Validitas dan reliabilitas, Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar. Bassett, G. 1994. The case against job satisfaction. Business Horizons. 37, 61-80 Berry, L.M., 1998. Psychological at work, 2 nd edition, New York: McGrawHill. Blessing White. 2011, January. Employee engagement report 2011. New Jersey: Author. [Online] Available : http:www.blessingwhite.comcontentreportsblessingwhite_2011_ee_rep ort.pdf Tanggal akses : 1 September 2012 Breso, E., Schaufeli, W.B., Salanova, M. 2011. Can a self-efficacy-based intervention decrease bournout, increase engagement, and enhance performance? A Quasi-experimental study. High Educ, 61, 339-355. Castellano, W.G. 2008. A new framework of employee engagement. New Jersey: The State University of New Jersey, RUTGERS. Cunningham J.B. Eberle, T. 1990. A guide to job enrichment and redesign. Gale Group, 672, 56-61. Elanain, H.M. 2009. Job characteristics, work attitude and behaviors in a non- western context. Journal of Management Development, 285, 457-477. Universitas Sumatera Utara Endres, G.M. Smoak, L.M. 2008 Human resource craze: Human performance improvement and employee engagement. Organization Development Journal, 261, 69-78. Faturochman. 1997. The job characteristics theory: Review. Buletin Psikologi, 52, 1-13 Ferris, G.R. Gilmore, D.C. 1984. The moderating role of work context in job design research: A test of competing models. Academy of Management Journal. 274, 885-992. Firman. 2011. Pengaruh karakteristik pekerjaan terhadap kepuasan kerja pegawai di lingkungan Pemkot Payakumbuh. TINGKAP, 72, 161-172. Galup, S.D, Klein, Gary, J, James, J. 2008. The impacts of job characteristics on is employee satisfaction: A comparison between permanent and temporary employees. The Journal of Computer Information Systems Summer, 484, 58-68. Glissin,C. Durick, M. 1988. Predictors of job satisfaction and organizational commitment in human servise organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly. 331, 61-81. Gubman, E. 2003. Engaging talent. Executive Excelence. 207,11. Hackman, J.R Oldham G.R. 1974. Motivation through the design of work: test of a theory Technical Report No. 6. Yale University, Departement of Administrative Sciences. Hadi, S. 2000. Metodologi research. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Andi Universitas Sumatera Utara Hallberg, U.E. Schaufeli, W.B. 2006. Same same’ but different? Can work engagement be discriminated from job involvement and organizational commitment? European Psychologist, 111, 119-270. Henryhand, C.J. 2009. The effect of employee recognition and employee engagement on job satisfaction and intent to leave in the public sector Doctoral dissertation. United States : Capella University. Hunt, S., Chonko, L.B., Wood, V.R. 1985. Organizational commitment and marketing. Journal of Marketing, 491, 112-126. Kahn, W.A. 1990. Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work. Academy of Management Journal, 334, 692-724. Kulaar, S., Gatenby, M., Rees, C., Soane, E., Truss, K. 2008. Employee engagement : A literature review Working Paper Series No. 19. Kingston University, Kingston Business School. Loher, B.T., Noe, R.A., Moeller, N.L., 1985. A meta analysis of the relation of job characteristics to job satisfaction. Journal of Applied Psychology. 702, 280-289. Lockwood, N.R. 2005. Employee engagement. USA: SHRM Research Briefly Stated. Lucia, D. 2010. Analisis perbedaan kepuasan kerja karyawan ditinjau dari gaya kepemimpinan transformasional dan transaksional pada kantor Divisi Regional I PT. Telkom. Skripsi. Medan. Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Sumatera Utara. MacLeod, D., Clarke, N. 2009. Engaging for success: Enhancing performance through employee engagement. UK: Departement for Business, Innovation and Skills. Universitas Sumatera Utara Maslach, C. Schaufeli, W.B. Leiter, M.P. 2001. Job burnout. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 397-422 Newman, D.A Harrison, D.A. 2008. Been there bottled that: Are state and behavioral work engagement new and useful construct’wines? Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 1, 31-50 Oldham, G.R., Hackman, J.R. 2005. How job characteristics theory happened. Dalam K.G. Smith M.A. Hitt Eds., The Oxford Handbook of Management Theory: The Proses of Theory Development. Oxford, Uk: Oxford University Press. Oldham, G.R., Hackman, J.R. 2010. Not what it was and not what it will be: The future of job design research. Journal of Organization Behavior, 31 2-3, 463-479 Perrin, T. 2003. Understanding what drives employee engagement. US Report.[Online] Available:http:www.towersperrin.comtpgetwebcachedoc?webc=hrsusa 2003200309talent_2003.pdf Tanggal akses : 1 September 2012 Robinson, D., Perryman, S., Hayday, S. 2004. The drives of employee engagement. IES PDF Report. UK : Institute for Employment Studies. Saks, A.M. 2006. Antecedents and consequences of employee engagement. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 217, 600-619. Sarkisian, N., Catsouphes, M.P., Bhate, R., Lee, J., Carapinha, R., Minnich, C. 2011. Effect of country and age on work engagement, job satisfaction organizational commitment among employees in the United States Study Research. Boston College. The Sloan Center on Aging Work. Schuurman, J. 2011. Job characteristics, health and satisfaction: Can satisfaction with socila life overcome negative job traits? Thesis Rotterdam: Erasmus University. Universitas Sumatera Utara Schaufeli, W.B., Salanova, M., Roma, V.G., Bakker, A.B. 2002. The measurement of engagement and burnout: A two sample confirmatory factor analityc approach. Journal of Happiness Studies 3, 71-92. Sitanggang, D. 2006. Pengaruh karakteristik pekerjaan terhadap kepuasan kerja perawat lulusan D-3 pada Rumah Sakit Santa Elisabet di Medan Tesis. Medan: Sekolah Pascasarjana Universitas Sumatera Utara. Vance, R.J. 2006. Employee engagement and commitment. USA: SHRM Foundation. Vazirani, N. 2007. Employee engagement Working Paper Series. SIES College of Management Studies. Widhiarso, W. 2001. SPSS untuk psikologi. [Online] Available : http:widhiarso.staff.ugm.ac.idfilesMengkategorikan20Data.pdf Tanggal akses : 12 Mei 2013 Wildermuth, C.M. Pauken, P.D. 2008. A perfect match: Decoding employee engagement – Part I: Engaging cultures and leaders. Industrial and Commercial Training, 403, 122-128. Universitas Sumatera Utara LAMPIRAN A 1. Skala Penelitian Sebelum Uji Coba

2. Skala Penelitian Setelah Uji Coba