Maitri Rahmadhani : The Translation Of Verbal Shifts Of Djenar Maesa Ayu’s Short Story Namanya…, Into Her Name By Michael Nieto Garcia: An Approach To Systemic Functional Linguistics, 2008.
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8
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of The Analysis
Every year many books of knowledge, science and technology are published. They are released as the replacement or the additional information of the old books.
All of them are published in different languages, not only in English but also in another languages. We need to know this new information but no one master all
languages in the world. That is why translation is needed to ease people in getting information from texts that are not written in their mother languages.
The Specialist Dictionary of Translation – Shuttleworth and Cowie 1999:181 said that translation is an incredibly broad notion which can be understood in many
different ways. For example, one may talk of Translation as a process or a product, and identify such sub-types as literary translation, technical translation, subtitling and
machine translation; moreover, while more typically it just refers to the transfer of written texts, the term sometimes also includes interpreting.
A translation Hatim and Munday, 2004: 10 can consist of changing form from Source Language SL to the Target Language TL because every language has
different structure. Besides, every language also includes culture, where the language is, in it. Thing that cannot be changed is the meaning of the SL, because the structure
of the language can be changed but it is emphasized that the contain meaning of the TL should be loyal to the SL.
Systemic Functional Linguistics SFL is the most well-known component of a broad social semiotic approach to language that originally articulated by Michael
Alexander Kirkwood Halliday M.A.K. Halliday in 1960s. it is an approach to linguistics that considers language as a system.
Maitri Rahmadhani : The Translation Of Verbal Shifts Of Djenar Maesa Ayu’s Short Story Namanya…, Into Her Name By Michael Nieto Garcia: An Approach To Systemic Functional Linguistics, 2008.
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9 According to Halliday 1985: XIV, Systemic Theory is a theory of meaning
as a choice, by which a language or any other linguistics system is interpreted as networks of interlocking options: ‘either this or that, or the other,’ ‘either more like
the one or more like the other,’ and so on. In addition, Gerot and Wignell 1994: 82 also stated that Systemic Functional Grammar talks about clauses and clause
complexes other than sentences.
In Systemic Functional Linguistics, there is a theory of Transitivity.
Transitivity Halliday, 1985: 102 is a relation of experiential meaning of a language. It is concerned with the representation of meaning in the clause. It is consists of six
processes i.e., Material, Mental, Behavioural, Verbal, Existential And Relational Process. Further more, Processes Gerot and Wignell, 1994: 54 are central to
Transitivity and realized by verbs. It means that verb is an important element in process that found in clauses.
Some verbs are not doing words at all, but rather express states of being or having. Moreover, there are different orders of doings and beings. For example, “to write a
funny story,” the word write is verb and belongs to material process. This verb orders of doing. Another example is “my brother is a pilot,” the word is is verb that belongs
to relational process and it states of being. In doing translation, there must be occurs shifts. Shifts Catford, 1965: 73 is
departures from formal correspondence in the process of going from the Source Language to the Target Language. A ‘Shift’ Catford’s term or ‘transposition’ Vinay
and Darbelnet is a translation procedure involving a change in the grammar from Source Language to Target Language. Shifts are said to be occured if a translation
equivalent occurs for a specific Source Language element in a given Target Language. Shifts in the translation cannot be avoided because that the Translation is. It is
Maitri Rahmadhani : The Translation Of Verbal Shifts Of Djenar Maesa Ayu’s Short Story Namanya…, Into Her Name By Michael Nieto Garcia: An Approach To Systemic Functional Linguistics, 2008.
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10 impossible if there is no shift in doing translation. So, the Verbal Shifts concerns with
the changing process in Source Text ST into another process in Target Text TT. For instance,
Indonesian version ST English version TT
ST 230: Untuk mencerna arti: Material
Process TT 233:
to understand the meaning: Mental
Process
So, there is verbal shift from material process in ST into mental process in TT. Djenar Maesa Ayu is a modern Indonesian writer that was born on January
14
th
1973 in Jakarta. She has written two short-story collections and a novel, all of which both have been short-listed for the Khatulistiwa Literary Award- the
Indonesia’s most prestigious literary competition, and published in some newspapers and magazines, such as Kompas, Horison, Media Indonesia, Republika, Lampung
Post and Majalah A+. Mereka Bilang, Saya Monyet Is her first short stories collection where a short story entitled Namanya…, that talks about the urban Jakarta
life and the inner lives of the city’s inhabitants about sex, includes in it. I choose Djenar Maesa Ayu’s short story Namanya… and its translation
entitled Her Name by Michael Nieto Garcia because when I read it, I found the verbal shifts based on Systemic Functional Linguistics that I have learned in the fifth
semester. Then, I am curious to know more about the verbal shifts in these two version of short story. Whether there are verbal shifts from one process into another
process, verbal shifts from one process into none process or vice versa and also verbal shifts from word into group in different process.
Maitri Rahmadhani : The Translation Of Verbal Shifts Of Djenar Maesa Ayu’s Short Story Namanya…, Into Her Name By Michael Nieto Garcia: An Approach To Systemic Functional Linguistics, 2008.
USU Repository © 2009
11 That is why I choose the translation of the verbal shifts of Djenar Maesa Ayu’s
short story Namanya… into Her Name By Michael Nieto Garcia based on SFL becomes the topic of my thesis.
The analysis of this thesis is expected to be able to enrich the translation field, to give a general understanding towards the reader that there will always shifts in
translating ST into TT such as the verbal shift process from ST into TT, and also to give a general understanding towards the reader that ST will not always translated
word-for-word but also word-to-group in TT.
1.2 Scope of The Analysis
