Maitri Rahmadhani : The Translation Of Verbal Shifts Of Djenar Maesa Ayu’s Short Story Namanya…, Into Her Name By Michael Nieto Garcia: An Approach To Systemic Functional Linguistics, 2008.
USU Repository © 2009
24 happened in contrary. It can be done by changing the position of the subject and by
changing the affixes. •
Verba anti aktif anti-active verb is a passive verb that cannot be changed into active verb. For example: kakiku terbakar api. This sentence does not come from api
membakar kakiku. So, the passive cannot be changed into active. •
Verba anti pasif anti passive verb is active verb that cannot be changed into passive verb. For example: saya benci terhadap Lintah. This sentence cannot be
changed into Lintah membenci saya.
d. Based on the interaction between nouns
Verbs in Bahasa Indonesia are divided into two parts based on the interaction between nouns. They are: Verba resiprokal reciprocal verb is a verb that is done by
two actors and they reciprocate each other. For example: kedua kandidat itu
bersalaman. While Verba non-resiprokal non-reciprocal verb is the opposite of the
reciprocal verb.
2.1.2.2 The Classification Of Verbs In TL System English
Verbs in English can be classified into three parts: based on the object, the form and the subject House, 1950: 94, which also called as the Standard English.
a. Based on the object
In this classification, verbs in English are divided into three parts: transitive verb, intransitive verb and phrasal verb.
Transitive verb is verb that takes a direct object. For instance, Ray tousled Mike’s head. The verb tousled needs the object mike’s head to complete the
meaning of the sentence.
Maitri Rahmadhani : The Translation Of Verbal Shifts Of Djenar Maesa Ayu’s Short Story Namanya…, Into Her Name By Michael Nieto Garcia: An Approach To Systemic Functional Linguistics, 2008.
USU Repository © 2009
25 Intransitive verb is verb that does not require an object directly. For instance,
She started to pull the street. The verb started does not need the object, while to pull the street is the complement.
Phrasal verbs are verbs that consist of two, or sometimes three, words. The first word is a verb and it followed by an adverb or preposition or both. These adverbs
or prepositions are sometimes called particles. Phrasal verb can be transitive or intransitive. For instance, for heaven’s sake shut her up transitive
He told me to shut up intransitive b.
Based on the form In this classification, verbs in English are divided into two parts: regular and
irregular verbs. Regular verbs are verbs that may be formed by adding –s to original verb or –
es in the present tense when the subject is She, He, It, or anymore person or thing, -d or –ed in the past tense and past participle, -ing in the present participle.
For instance, Original
Verb Present Tense
Past Tense Past Participle
Present Participle
Smile Kiss
Smile kiss
Smiled Kissed
Smiled kissed
Smiling kissing
Irregular verbs are verbs that may be form the past tense and the past participle in the irregular ways. For instance,
Maitri Rahmadhani : The Translation Of Verbal Shifts Of Djenar Maesa Ayu’s Short Story Namanya…, Into Her Name By Michael Nieto Garcia: An Approach To Systemic Functional Linguistics, 2008.
USU Repository © 2009
26
Original Verb Past Tense
Past Participle
Sing Drink
Speak Steal
Know Blow
Sang Drank
Spoke Stole
Knew Blew
Sung Drunk
Spoken Stolen
Known Blown
c. Based on the subject
In this classification, verbs in English are divided into two parts: auxiliary and linking verbs.
Auxiliary verbs are divided into two: auxiliary and modal. An auxiliary helps to form a sense or an expression. It consists of to be, to have, and to do. It combines
with present and past participle or with infinitives to form the tenses ordinary verbs. For instance, they were sitting at three round tables. The auxiliary were helps to form
past continuous tense. Modal helps to make special semantic compounds, such as permission,
obligation, and ability. For instance, you may go when you have finished. The modal may helps to make permission.
Linking verbs are verbs that are followed by an adjective or noun phrase as a
complement to tells more about the subject. For instance, my sister looks happy.
Maitri Rahmadhani : The Translation Of Verbal Shifts Of Djenar Maesa Ayu’s Short Story Namanya…, Into Her Name By Michael Nieto Garcia: An Approach To Systemic Functional Linguistics, 2008.
USU Repository © 2009
27
2.1.3 A Brief Description of Systemic Functional Linguistics
