Relational
Maitri Rahmadhani : The Translation Of Verbal Shifts Of Djenar Maesa Ayu’s Short Story Namanya…, Into Her Name By Michael Nieto Garcia: An Approach To Systemic Functional Linguistics, 2008.
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Existing relating
relating Attributive identifying
Happening [being created]
creating changing
doing that acting
Behaving Seeing
Feeling World of abstract relations
Being Doing
physical world
Sensing World of
consciousness Existential
symbolizing Verbal
Saying
Thinking
Materia
l
mental Figure 1.4 the grammar experience: types of process in English Halliday 1994:
108
2.2.1 Material Process
Material processes Halliday 1994: 110 are processes of material doing. They express the notion that entity physically does something-which may be done to some
other entity. In addition, these processes involve all kinds of physical activity and occur outside of human body, such as: walk, work, read, jump, join, run, hit, cook,
swim, and many more. So, clauses with a material process obligatory have a doing process and a doer participant.
Maitri Rahmadhani : The Translation Of Verbal Shifts Of Djenar Maesa Ayu’s Short Story Namanya…, Into Her Name By Michael Nieto Garcia: An Approach To Systemic Functional Linguistics, 2008.
USU Repository © 2009
38 The boy
run
Participant Material process
Participant realized by nominal groups. The participant who does something
or performs the action is called the Actor, while the participant at whom the process is directed is Goal. In traditional grammar, Goal is treated as the direct object. For
example, Tom
kicks the ball
Participant Material process
Goal
Material processes Halliday 1994: 111 are not necessarily concrete, physical events; they may be abstract doings and happenings, such as resigned, dissolved, etc.
for example: The major
resigned
Actor Material process
And The major
Dissolved The committee
Actor Material process
Goal
2.2.2 Mental process
Mental processes are ones of sensing: perceiving, feeling, thinking. Halliday categories Mental process into three principal subtypes:
a. Perception perceiving through five sense, such as: see, hear, smell, taste, feel,
etc.
Maitri Rahmadhani : The Translation Of Verbal Shifts Of Djenar Maesa Ayu’s Short Story Namanya…, Into Her Name By Michael Nieto Garcia: An Approach To Systemic Functional Linguistics, 2008.
USU Repository © 2009
39 b.
Cognition realized by such stative verbs, such as: know, understand, think, realize, forget, consider, believe, etc.
c. Affection dealing with our feeling or heart, such as: like, hate, love, feel, want,
amuse, please, etc. The two participants involve in this process are labeled, by Halliday, as
Senser and Phenomenon. Senser is typically conscious being can perform a mental
process feeling, thinking, seeing. The other participant, Phenomenon, is something or someone that is sensed thought, felt, or perceived by the senser.
The show amused
the king
Phenomenon Mental Process
Senser
She didn’t realize
the difficulties
Senser Mental Process
phenomenon
2.2.3 Relational process
