Maitri Rahmadhani : The Translation Of Verbal Shifts Of Djenar Maesa Ayu’s Short Story Namanya…, Into Her Name By Michael Nieto Garcia: An Approach To Systemic Functional Linguistics, 2008.
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19 In this thesis, I classify the verbs in Bahasa Indonesia and English. The
classification of verbs in Bahasa Indonesia based on Kridalaksana’s theory and he verbs in English based on House standard English verb.
2.1.2.1 The Classification Of Verbs In SL System Bahasa Indonesia
Verbs in Bahasa Indonesia can be classified into four parts: based on the form, the argument, the relationship between verb and noun and the interaction between
nouns Kridalaksana, 1990: 49. a.
Based on the form In this classification, verbs in English are divided into two parts: verba dasar
verba turunan derivative verb. Verba dasar base verb is verb that is built from free morpheme, such as, makan eat, tidursleep, and minum drink. Verba turunan
derivative verb is verb that has some processes. The verb gets affixation, reduplication, and combining process.
There are twenty affixes Kridalaksana, 1996: 40-61 can be added to the word
to build the derivative verbs: •
Ber- Ber- + untung = beruntung
For example: ia beruntung dalam menjual barang-barang antik.
• Me-
Me- + nyanyi = menyanyi
For example: murid-murid menyanyi dengan merdu.
• Per-
Per- + bagus = perbagus
For example: perbagus tulisanmu agar mudah dibaca.
Maitri Rahmadhani : The Translation Of Verbal Shifts Of Djenar Maesa Ayu’s Short Story Namanya…, Into Her Name By Michael Nieto Garcia: An Approach To Systemic Functional Linguistics, 2008.
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20 •
Ter- Ter- + duduk = terduduk
For example: ia tertawa hingga jatuh terduduk.
• Ke-
Ke- + baca = kebaca
For example: surat itu kebaca oleh adiknya.
• Simulfix N-
N- + rusak = ngerusak
For example: hobinya ngerusak barang orang lain.
• Suffix –in
Satu + -in = satuin
For example: satuin buku-buku yang berserakan di lantai.
• Confix ber-an
Ber-an + salam = bersalaman
For example: kedua kandidat itu bersalaman.
• Confix ke-an
Ke-an + hilang = kehilangan
For example: ia kehilangan kunci rumahnya,
• Affix combination me-i
Me-i + luka = melukai
For example: ia melukai hatiku.
• Affix combiation di-i
di-i + teman = ditemani
For example: saya pergi ditemani oleh dua orang adik saya.
• Affix combination me-kan
Maitri Rahmadhani : The Translation Of Verbal Shifts Of Djenar Maesa Ayu’s Short Story Namanya…, Into Her Name By Michael Nieto Garcia: An Approach To Systemic Functional Linguistics, 2008.
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21 Me-kan + lebih = melebihkan
For example: ibu melebihkan masakan hari ini karena ada tamu.
• Affix combination memper-
Mem-per + indah
For example: kami memperindah taman rumah bersama-sama.
• Affix combination diper-
Diper- + tegas = dipertegas
For example: himbauan menteri itu dipertegas lagi dengan pidatonya hari ini.
• Affix combination memper-kan
Memper-kan + boleh = memperbolehkan
For example: petugas itu memperbolehkan saya masuk.
• Affix combination diper-kan
Diper-kan + main = dipermainkan
For example: dia seperti dipermainkan nasib.
• Affix combination N-i
N-in + rasa = ngerasain
For example: akhirnya dia ngerasain akibat perbuatannya.
• Affix combination per-kan
Per-kan + lihat = perlihatkan
For example: coba perlihatkan rapormu pada ibu
• Affix combination per-i
• Per-i + baik = perbaiki
For example: tolong perbaiki jawaban yang salah itu.
There are three kinds of reduplication in Bahasa Indonesia that build the derivative verbs Kridalaksana, 1996: 91. They are from verb to verb that has a
Maitri Rahmadhani : The Translation Of Verbal Shifts Of Djenar Maesa Ayu’s Short Story Namanya…, Into Her Name By Michael Nieto Garcia: An Approach To Systemic Functional Linguistics, 2008.
USU Repository © 2009
22 meaning ‘intensively’, for example: “sebaiknyaberes-beres dari sekarang”, verb to
verb that has a meaning ‘deintensively’, for example: “jangan bawa-bawa saya dalam masalah ini”, and from noun to verb that has a meaning ‘iteratively’, for example:
“kami Cuma keliling-keliling di kebun the”. There are nine combination processes to build the derivative verbs. They are:
• Me-+ R
Me- + cakar-cakar = mencakar-cakar
For example: kucing itu mencakar-cakar pintu rumah kita.
• Di- + R
Di- + angkat-angkat = diangkat-angkat
For example: jangan diangkat-angkat lagi barang itu.
• Ber- + R
Ber- + pindah-pindah = berpindah-pindah
For example: hidup manusia prasejarah adalah berpindah-pindah.
• Ter-+ R
Ter- + tawa-tawa = tertawa-tawa
For example: mereka tertawa-tawa mendengar berita itu.
• R + -an
Cubit-cubit + -an = cubit-cubitan
For example: dua kakak beradik itu senang bermain cubit-cubitan.
• R + me-
Kunjung-kunjung + me- = kunjung-mengunjungi
For example: ketika Lebaran tiba, banyak orang kunjung-mengunjungi.
• Me- + R + -kan
Me- + harap-harap + -kan = mengharap-harapkan
Maitri Rahmadhani : The Translation Of Verbal Shifts Of Djenar Maesa Ayu’s Short Story Namanya…, Into Her Name By Michael Nieto Garcia: An Approach To Systemic Functional Linguistics, 2008.
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23
For example: jangan mengharap-harapkan impian yang muluk itu menjadi
kenyataan. •
Di- + R + -kan Di- + ada-ada + -kan = diada-adakan
For example: cerita itu hanya diada-adakan saja.
• Ber- + R + -an
• Ber- + pukul-pukul +-an = berpukul-pukulan
For example: kedua anak itu berpukul-pukulan di depan kelas.
b. Based on the argument
Verbs in Bahasa Indonesia can be divided into two parts by argument: verba transitif transitive verb verba intransitif intransitive verb. Transitive verb is verb
that takes a direct object. Fro example: ibu membelikan minuman.Intransitive verb is verb that does not require an object directly. For example: adik pergi kemarin sore.
c. Based on the relationship between verb and noun
Verbs in Bahasa Indonesia are divided into four parts based on the relationship between the verb and noun. They are:
• By Verba aktif active verb is a verb that has a subject as the doer of the
action. It is usually begins with prefix me-, ber-, or without prefix. Fro example: Andi minum teh. In this sentence, Andi is the subject that does the action.
• Verba pasif passive verb is a verb that has a subject as the aimed action. It is
usually begins by prefix di- and ter-. For example: the diminum Andi. In this sentence, teh is the aimed action. An active verb can be changed into passive verb and it
Maitri Rahmadhani : The Translation Of Verbal Shifts Of Djenar Maesa Ayu’s Short Story Namanya…, Into Her Name By Michael Nieto Garcia: An Approach To Systemic Functional Linguistics, 2008.
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24 happened in contrary. It can be done by changing the position of the subject and by
changing the affixes. •
Verba anti aktif anti-active verb is a passive verb that cannot be changed into active verb. For example: kakiku terbakar api. This sentence does not come from api
membakar kakiku. So, the passive cannot be changed into active. •
Verba anti pasif anti passive verb is active verb that cannot be changed into passive verb. For example: saya benci terhadap Lintah. This sentence cannot be
changed into Lintah membenci saya.
d. Based on the interaction between nouns
Verbs in Bahasa Indonesia are divided into two parts based on the interaction between nouns. They are: Verba resiprokal reciprocal verb is a verb that is done by
two actors and they reciprocate each other. For example: kedua kandidat itu
bersalaman. While Verba non-resiprokal non-reciprocal verb is the opposite of the
reciprocal verb.
2.1.2.2 The Classification Of Verbs In TL System English
