Behavioural process Existential process Verbal process

3. Possessive

In the Identifying mode, the possession takes the form of relationship between two entities; and again this may be organized in two ways, with the relationship being expressed either as a feature of the participant or of a process. Mode: Type: Attributive Identifying Maitri Rahmadhani : The Translation Of Verbal Shifts Of Djenar Maesa Ayu’s Short Story Namanya…, Into Her Name By Michael Nieto Garcia: An Approach To Systemic Functional Linguistics, 2008. USU Repository © 2009 42

1. Intensive

2. Circumstantial

3. Possessive

Sarah is wise The fair is on a Tuesday Peter has a piano Tom is the leader The leader is Tom Tomorrow is the 10 th : The 10 th is tomorow The piano is peter’s Peter’s is the piano; The six categories of Relational Process Halliday, 1994: 119

2.2.4 Behavioural process

Behavioural processes Halliday 1994: 139 are processes of physiological and psychological behaviour, like breathing, coughing, smiling, dreaming, staring, snoring, hiccupping, looking, watching, listening, pondering, etc. in addition, those that represent outer manifestations of inner workings, the acting out of processes of consciousness and physiological states. The participant who is ‘behaving’ labeled Behaver, is typically a conscious being. For example in Gerot and Wignell 1994: 61: He snores loudly Behaver Behavioural Process Circumstance:manner She lives in the fast lane Behaver Behavioural Process Circumstance: place Maitri Rahmadhani : The Translation Of Verbal Shifts Of Djenar Maesa Ayu’s Short Story Namanya…, Into Her Name By Michael Nieto Garcia: An Approach To Systemic Functional Linguistics, 2008. USU Repository © 2009 43

2.2.5 Existential process

Existential processes Halliday 1994: 142 are processes of expressing that something exists or happens. It is by which phenomena of all kinds are simply recognized to ‘be’— to exist, or to happen. Frequently an existential clause contains a distinct circumstantial elementof time or place. It also represents experience by positing that “there wasis something.” In addition, Gerot and Wignell 1994: 72 said that the Existential Processes are expressed by the verbs of existing: ‘be’, ‘exist’, ‘arise’, and the Existent the single participant in this process can be a phenomenon of any kind. For example: There was a blood-stain on the matinee jacket Existential Process Existent Circumstance-Place There ‘s a man at the door Existential Process Existent Circumstance-Place

2.2.6 Verbal process

Verbal processes Halliday 1994: 140 are processes of saying. It is the symbolic relationships constructed in human consciousness and enacted in the form of language, like saying and meaning. Very often these are realized by two distinct clauses: the projecting clause encodes a signal source Sayer and a signaling Verbal Process and the other projected clause realizes what was said. The Sayer can be anything that puts out a signal. The projected clause may be either a preposition and a proposal may be expressed alternatively by modulated declarative clause. The target Maitri Rahmadhani : The Translation Of Verbal Shifts Of Djenar Maesa Ayu’s Short Story Namanya…, Into Her Name By Michael Nieto Garcia: An Approach To Systemic Functional Linguistics, 2008. USU Repository © 2009 44 is the entity that is targeted by the process of saying, such as him in ‘She always praised him to her friends’. There are three other participants Gerot andWignell 1994: 62 that may be incumbent upon verbal processes: • Receiver : the one to whom the verbalization is addressed. • Target : one acted upon verbally insulted, complimented, etc • RangeVerbiage : a name for the verbalization itself. For example: John told Jenny a rude joke Sayer Verbal Process Receiver Verbiage Keating slurred Howard Sayer Verbal Process Target

2.3 Related Study