when a bilingual person employs more than one language in her or his speech. This involves the alteration of the language expressions of languages used by
the speaker. The alternated language elements take a number of forms such as sentences and phrases.
2. Teenage Magazines Teenage magazines are magazines which assert teenagers as the target
readers. The topics of the articles vary in line with teenagers’ favorites. The language which is conformed to the teenagers’ language style or dialect is
important to be considered in order to build teenagers’ interest in the magazines. It can also be an identity of a teenage magazine which can be used
to differentiate this sort of magazine from the others. 3. ‘HAI’ Teenage Magazine
‘HAI’ teenage magazine is one of the local teenage magazines of Indonesia which has been published since 1977. This weekly magazine
presents review of information for teenagers. It has various topics for the articles in line with teenagers’ life style such as pop music, sports, teenage
idols, up-to-date events, horoscope, etc. 6
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter is divided into two main parts namely theoretical description and theoretical
framework . The theoretical description presents
general understanding of code-switching which is explained through discussion of some
definitions from some linguist besides a number of type classifications and reasons for it as the main points of this study. Meanwhile, the theoretical
framework explains procedures organized to accomplish this study.
A. Theoretical Description
In order to obtain good understanding of code-switching, this theoretical description is presented. This section consists of some definitions of code-
switching from some linguists, where and when it may happen in a society, some types classifications and reasons for it, and also the relation of it with teaching and
learning activities.
1. The Nature of Code-Switching
According to Wardhaugh 1992: 103 the term ‘code’ refers to any dialect or language used by a speaker to build communication with others. He asserts that
a person may use more than one code in her or his speech instead of just employing a single code. People may switch or mix the codes or languages that
they use. And a term ‘code-switching’ is used to name this conversational strategy.
7 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
There are a number of definitions of code-switching according to some linguists. They have various definitions of it and employ different ways to explain
it. In order to obtain in-depth comprehension of code-switching, this study presents a number of definitions from a number of linguists.
Valdes-Fallis 1977 as cited by Duran in Toward a Better Understanding of Code-Switching and Interlanguage in Bilinguality: Implications for Bilingual
Instruction explains that code-switching may happen if two languages used
simultaneously or interchangeable. In addition, Peter Stockwell 2002: 135 states that “Code-switching is often the specific mechanism through which the
borrowing of words and constructions happens.” From these two arguments, it can
be understood
that code-switching
involves two
languages used
simultaneously by a speaker. As a result, there is a kind of alteration in the language utterances involving language elements of those two languages by the
process of borrowing and constructing or combining. A speaker may borrow certain language elements from another language and combine them with the
language elements of her or his native language. The language elements here can be a word, phrase, clause or even complete sentence. But of course code-switching
pursues a number of requirements such as the speaker’s language competence of the two languages in order to construct together the language elements of both
languages appropriately. The construction needs match combination of the grammatical rules of the languages involved in the code-switching. It is explained
by Chana 1984 as cited by Duran in Toward a Better Understanding of Code- Switching
and Interlanguage
in Bilinguality:
Implications for
Bilingual Instruction
that code-switching is the juxtaposition within the passage of 8
