Ormrod 2005. He created a data analysis spiral which was implemented within the following steps:
1. Organize the data The large bodies of text should be broken down into the smaller one which
could be presented in the form of sentences or individual words. I conducted scanning reading to identify language expressions in the target magazines that
contained code-switching. And then the code-switching cases were listed on the observation forms.
2. Peruse the data In this step, I might obtain an early overview of the data collected in the
previous step which could be very helpful for the later steps. The sense of early interpretations toward the phenomenon being studied might arise here.
3. Identify general categories and classify each piece of data This step might come up with specific patterns of data. The data presented on
the observation forms was the primary object of identification in this step. Every code-switching case which was listed on the observation forms was
identified for its type. 4. Integrate and summarize the data
After the identification process of the types of the code-switching in ‘HAI’ teenage magazine had been finished, the findings could be summarized.
Creswell suggested
that researchers
presented the
summary in
an organizational scheme such as a table, figure, or diagram. This step also
encompassed further interpretations of the data beyond certain types of code- switching that existed in the magazine. The integration of every code-
23 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
switching case might spell out further interpretations of the language phenomenon.
The data analysis spiral could be figured out as follows:
Figure 3.1: The Data Analysis Spiral
F. Research Procedures
This section described the procedures of this study which were organized and done to obtain deep comprehension of the phenomenon being studied. There were
six steps conducted to accomplish the research as follows: 1. Selecting the target magazine
There were two editions of ‘HAI’ teenage magazine used as the target magazines in this study since they had already been able to describe the
existing phenomenon in the Indonesian teenage magazine. I chose the magazine randomly.
The Final Report
Synthesis
The Raw Data Organization
Perusal Classification
24 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
2. Designing the observation form It was important to produce the observation form in the very beginning of the
process. Observation form was needed to accommodate the data of code- switching cases from the target magazine. They were used to list all of the
code-switching cases found in the magazines so every code-switching case could be clearly seen within its context of the occurrence.
3. Listing the code-switching cases on the observation form After the observation form had been designed, code-switching identification
on the target magazines could be conducted. Since the borrowed language elements were italicized, I gained much help in identifying the code-switching
cases in the magazine. Every code-switching case which was found in the magazine then listed on the observation forms.
4. Analyzing the types of the list of code-switching Code-switching cases which were listed on the observation form were directly
analyzed to find out the types according to the categories employed by this study.
5. Identifying the possible reasons for code-switching A number of linguists had asserted some reasons for code-switching
application. I used the reasons as the bases to figure out the possible reasons for code-switching in ‘HAI’ teenage magazine. The process of identifying the
possible reasons also included the reasons for code-switching stated by the editorial staff of ‘HAI ‘teenage magazine. My personal interpretations of the
language phenomenon were also very important here. 25
