The analysis of the types of code-switching is conducted after all of the utterances that contain code-switching in the magazine have been listed on the
observation form. I employ some categories of the type of code-switching stated by linguists to classify the types of code-switching in ‘HAI’ teenage
magazine. 5. Identifying the possible reasons for code-switching in ‘HAI’ teenage magazine
The identification of the possible reasons involves three important aspects; a number of reasons for code-switching stated by linguists, some information
collected from the informants of this study, and my interpretations of the phenomenon. The first two aspects are used as the basis for my interpretations
in identifying the data. The result of this process may come up with some possible reasons for code-switching in ‘HAI’ teenage magazine.
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CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
I used a certain methodology to conduct this study, and this chapter aimed at discussing the methodology systematically. The discussion included research
method, source of data, research instrument, data gathering techniques, data analysis techniques,
and research procedures.
A. Research Method
A certain methodology was needed as guidance to conduct and organize steps or procedures of this study. Since this study was conducted to comprehend a
language phenomenon that existed in society, in this case code-switching, qualitative research was considered as the most appropriate term to name the
method of this study because Leedy and Ormrod 2005: 133 argued that qualitative research focuses on understanding social phenomena in their natural
setting. Code-switching in ‘HAI’ teenage magazine was considered as a social phenomenon in language use because the writers of the articles employed code-
switching prominently. Through this study I was going to analyze and comprehend this kind of social phenomenon that existed in ‘HAI’ teenage
magazine. The objective of finding some possible reasons for code-switching in
‘HAI’ teenage magazine was to interpret the meaning of the existence of code- switching in the magazine since it was essential, in qualitative research, to figure
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out interpretations of the phenomenon which were constructed in the particular setting. The identification of the possible reasons could represent my
interpretations of code-switching. Merriam 2002:3-4 discussed further about this:
The key to understand qualitative research lies with the idea that meaning is socially constructed by individuals in interaction with their world. There are
multiple constructions and interpretations of reality that are flux and change over time. And qualitative research tries to understand what those
interpretations are at a particular point in time and in a particular context.
Holliday 2002: 12 stated that qualitative research also tries to understand the complexities of a culture of the social world where we live and how we can go
about thinking, acting and making meaning of it. He defined ‘culture’ according to the belief of Beales, G. Spindler and L. Spindler 1967: 8 that “’Culture’
therefore refers to the cohesive behaviour within any social grouping from a neightbourhood to a work group.” From this definition of culture, it could be
concluded that the process of employing code-switching done by the writers of the articles in ‘HAI’ teenage magazine was a kind of culture since they employed
code-switching prominently almost in every page of the magazine. In addition, it became cohesive behaviour which was implemented by most of the writers of the
articles of ‘HAI’ teenage magazine. Since this research was an in-depth study of code-switching which
presented further analysis and an description of this existing phenomenon, it was considered as descriptive research. Bungin 2007: 68-69 explained that
descriptive study involved an in-depth exploration of the object being studied. That was why it was appropriate and necessary to not only identify the types of
code-switching but also analyze the possible reasons for code-switching in ‘HAI’ 19
