which were found in ‘HAI’ teenage magazine. They were accompanied by the page numbers in the magazine. The data of code-switching presented on the
observation would be easier to be analyzed. Second, the identification of the code-switching cases was conducted.
Since English language elements, as the juxtaposed elements of the code- switching in ‘HAI’ teenage magazine, were italicized, I gained much help to
identify the code-switching cases in the target magazines. The process of the identification of the code-switching cases was done by reading and analyzing
carefully the target magazine. Finally, all of the code-switching cases found in ‘HAI’ teenage magazine
were listed on the observation form. They were accompanied by the page numbers in the magazine.
Online data search was a method to get data from the internet. I conducted this method to obtain information from the editorial staff of ‘HAI’ teenage
magazine as the informants of this study. I sent them an e-mail to clarify whether or not they had any purpose of using code-switching in the magazine. The answer
from the informants might help me to identify possible reasons of code-switching in the magazine.
E. Data Analysis Techniques
Data analysis was very important this qualitative study, so appropriate method in analyzing the data was necessary. In order to gain qualified findings, I
followed the organized steps in organizing and analyzing the data of qualitative research which were constructed by Creswell 1998 as cited by Leedy and
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Ormrod 2005. He created a data analysis spiral which was implemented within the following steps:
1. Organize the data The large bodies of text should be broken down into the smaller one which
could be presented in the form of sentences or individual words. I conducted scanning reading to identify language expressions in the target magazines that
contained code-switching. And then the code-switching cases were listed on the observation forms.
2. Peruse the data In this step, I might obtain an early overview of the data collected in the
previous step which could be very helpful for the later steps. The sense of early interpretations toward the phenomenon being studied might arise here.
3. Identify general categories and classify each piece of data This step might come up with specific patterns of data. The data presented on
the observation forms was the primary object of identification in this step. Every code-switching case which was listed on the observation forms was
identified for its type. 4. Integrate and summarize the data
After the identification process of the types of the code-switching in ‘HAI’ teenage magazine had been finished, the findings could be summarized.
Creswell suggested
that researchers
presented the
summary in
an organizational scheme such as a table, figure, or diagram. This step also
encompassed further interpretations of the data beyond certain types of code- switching that existed in the magazine. The integration of every code-
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