35 process of observation, the next process was summarizing the result of
observation. The observation sheet is in Appendix D.
3. Document Analysis
The researcher also used the document as data for answering the research questions of the study. The document refers to material such as
photographs, videos, films, memos, letters, diaries, clinical case records, and memorabilia of all sorts that can be used as supplemental information as part
of case study whose main data source is a participant observation or interviewing Bogdan Biklen, 2003.The documents collected by the
researcher were some documents related to the process of the implementation of Sidang Akademi.
The first document was the content of the Vision and Mission presentation slide presented in the annual recollection for the first-grade
students to introduce them the value of the school. The researcher decided to use the document as it played an important role in giving the fundamental
value why the activity was implemented in order to fulfil the vision of the school. Moreover, the document also revealed the establishment of Sidang
Akademi. Another document was the schedule of the SA. From the document of the schedule, the researcher would know the date of the implementation, the
arrangement of the presenter, the presented theme, and a brief description of each theme. Another document was the guidance book of the implementation
of Sidang Akademi. The other document is the weekly minutes of the PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
36 implementation of Sidang Akademi. The document of the weekly minutes
would likely tell about student ‟s maintenance of their performance. The
minutes were the summary of the complete implementation. There were also the comment of appointed critics, the comment of the facilitator of the
activity, the questions proposed by the audience and the answer given by the presenter as the response of the question. These documents played the
significant role in revealing the background of the activity establishment and how the activity was implemented as well.
All the documents collected by the researcher above were classified as official documents. Bogdan and Biklen 2003 define official documents as
the document produced by schools and other organizations for record-keeping and dissemination purposes as memos, minutes from meetings newsletters,
policy documents, the student‟s record yearbooks and so on. This kind of data
is seen as an exclusive of data for some.
E. Data Analysis Technique
This study was a qualitative study. The data collected were in the form of words. It was important to firstly make organization and coding of many data
collected into several categories in order to be interpreted and described easily in the process of data analysis. The coding of the data was elaborated and
categorized in some themes or subject of discussion. Miles and Huberman 1994, clearly
state in their book “Qualitative Data Analysis” that coding is a tool for PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
37 summarizing segment of data. In this study, the researcher used the code family
generated by Bogdan and Biklen 2003. The table of the code family is presented on the following page.
Table 3.1. Code Family Developed from Bogdan and Biklen 2003
Code Family Code Description
Setting Context Codes The general information on the setting, topic or
subject People‟s description about the subject, the setting
and how the setting fits in the community The material given to the researcher
Definition of Situation Codes How the subjects define the setting or particular
topics. The subject‟s world view Perspectives Held by Subjects
Shared rules and norms as well as some general points of view
Subjects‟ Way of Thinking about People and Objects
Subject‟s understanding of each other, of outsiders and of the objects that makes up their
world
Process Codes Coding words and phrases that facilitate
categorizing sequences of events, changes over time, passages from one type or kind of status to
another
Activity codes Codes that are directed at regularly occurring
kinds of behaviour Event Codes
Directed at units of data that are related to specific activities that occur in the setting in the
lives of subjects who are interviewed Strategy Codes
Strategies refer to tactics, methods, ways, techniques,
manoeuvres, ploys, and
other conscious ways people accomplish various things
Relationships and Social Codes Regular patterns of behavior among people not
officially defined Method Codes
Isolates material pertinent to research procedures, problems, joys and dilemmas
Therefore, the data gathered in the study were classified into some segments related to the focus of the study. The focus of the study was about the
development of students ‟ speaking confidence through the implementation of
Kategori