Document Analysis Research Instruments and Data Gathering Technique

39 facilitator so that the information gathered from the process of data collection really processed well and to prevent the bias of analysis the data. Creswell 2003, proposes that the validity in the qualitative study is obtained through the process of checking the pattern consistency of the theme development. Validity takes an important account of the qualitative study Creswell Miller, 2000, as cited in Creswell, 2003. In order to obtain this criterion, the researcher assured whether the findings in the study are accurate from the standpoint of researcher, participants and the reader as well. The data were displayed in a form of narrative text. It had something to do with an organized assembly of information where the conclusion will be drawn. According to Miles and Huberman 1994 all display are designed to assemble and organize information in an immediately accessible, compact form so that the researcher will be able to see what is happening. The researcher implemented case analysis meeting with the co-facilitator of the study. The importance of this activity was presented by Miles and Huberman 1994. This meeting was conducted in order to summarize the current status of the case. This meeting was guided by series of questions related to the phenomenon being investigated and there were notes on answer which were taken to the question as the progress of the meeting. This activity enabled the researcher to review the case and make the analysis of the data gathered in the process of data collection. 40

F. Research Trustworthiness

The researcher carried on the trustworthiness in this study as it is seen as one of the prominent aspects of the qualitative research. Shenton 2004 proposes four criteria in striving for having a quality of trustworthiness in the study conducted. Firstly, the researcher determines the standard of credibility. The demonstration showing the real picture of the study about the phenomena fulfils this determination of credibility standard. Second, for allowing transferability, the researcher provides sufficient detail of the context of the real situation. The transferability becomes important as the researcher has to let the reader know whether or not the finding can justifiably be applied to the other settings and whether the prevailing environment presented in the study is similar to another situation that the reader might be familiar with. Next, the study has to fulfil the aspect of dependability, so the researcher needs to enable the future investigator to repeat the study. It means that the study still has the continuation, in this case, for the development of the education matter. Finally, in order to fulfil the aspect of trustworthiness in a qualitative research, the study needs to achieve the ability to confirm by being able to take steps in demonstrating the findings emerged from the data gathered in the process of data collection. Thus, the researcher will consider these criteria in order to have the quality of trustworthiness in the study.