17 information, look for the accommodation, order and write out
material, and make supporting media. Giving presentation also requires the presenter to have
“Expressive Skills”. This skill will help the presenter to make use of their body and voice to support their presentation. Body language
includes movement of the body and the use of the voice. Argyle 1988 as cited in Molen and Hoogland 2005 states that use of
body language includes following skills: eye contact, facial expression, movement and posture. Nevertheless, the use of the
voice includes speed of speech, timing, volume, rhythm and articulation.
4. Speech as a Liberal Study
There are so many aspects of maintaining an effective speech. According to Wilson, Arnold and Wertheimer 1990, the effective
speaking requires more than mechanical application of techniques. The purpose of speaking has to be maintained with regard to the
combination of meanings, surroundings, and human relationships. It is better to know what is being revealed in the presentation and the
audience to whom the presentation is delivered to. In addition, the importance of speaking in front of public is
also stated by Wilson et al. 1990. The knowledge of speaking in public which is developed by a person leads to increasing skill in
18 social decision making. While people are developing their speaking
skills in front of public, they are also maintaining their relationships with others. Next, the knowledge of speaking in front of public
develops skills in promoting and defending ideas. The acceptance of the audience becomes the essential matter for the speaker when they
are to present their thought in front of public. The speaker cannot neglect their audience
‟s presence by not making the reasonable judgment and decisions obvious to listener who might not be
familiar with what are being presented. Both the listener and speaker are supposed to have the same concept of what are being presented
so that the presentation might produce the beneficial result for both of them.
5. The Role of Self-Confidence for Developing Speaking Skills
The development of speaking confidence is necessary for the improvement of speaking skills Goel, 2012. Self-confidence is as
positive attitude towards one‟s self-concept Goel, 2012. Therefore, the attitude is an important thing that might allow people to have
positive perception toward themselves and the ability that people have.
To practice speaking in a good English, learners are required to develop their speaking confidence by developing learning
strategies to practice how to speak English. They will obtain more PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
