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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter presents the review of theoretical descriptions and theoretical framework. The first part discusses the related theories to limit the scope of the
research. Thereafter, the second part presents the several theories as the framework to answer the research questions.
A. Theoretical Description
This theoretical description is concerned with theories that are related to the key words used in this research. This part shows the discussions of the basic
overview of public speaking, the message model of linguistic communication, overview of giving presentation, speech as a liberal study, the role of self-
confidence for developing speaking confidence, the significance of speaking for personal success, speaking problem encountered by EFL student and the
proposition of the study.
1. Basic Overview of Public Speaking
The general purpose of the public speaking is to maintain the performance in front of the audience so that the argument given in
the speech can really persuade the audience through the well- PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
14 organized idea and the validity so that the speech can be attractive to
the audience. It is clearly stated by the Greek philosopher Aristotle in his theory of Rhetoric Hendrikus, 1991. He divides his theory
into three main categories simply called as Ethos, Pathos and Logos. The Ethos or credibility means that the speaker might be
heard if he can convince the audience through the idea that he presents and the credibility of the speaker so that the audience could
consider the speaker as a worth listening speaker to the listeners. Pathos or emotional development is the ability of the person to
persuade by appealing to the audience‟s emotion. In addition, the language choices are matter to give a good persuasion so that the
listener might be convinced. Logos or Logical development means that the speaker has to possess the good reasoning technique. This
technique reflects the knowledge of the speaker as the reason is the heart of the argumentation. Thus, if in the process of public speaking
the speaker has these kinds of abilities, the point of the argument will seem convincing and therefore the audience might be really attracted
to the speaker by the speech that they convey.
2. The Message Model of Linguistic Communication
Verma 2013 states that there is a process of coding and decoding in sharing our thoughts and ideas with other people. This
process means that it requires two or more people to communicate; PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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