strategies including the applied strategies in terms of figurative and non figurative while this study does not only focus on the applied idiom translation strategies but
also focus on the equivalence of the idiom translations in Harry Potter and The Sorcerer’s Stone.
B. Review of Related Theories
1. Theory of Translation
Translation has been defined in many different ways by some writers and researchers in the field. According to Munday and Hatim 2004:3, translations
defined in two senses, the first sense as a process and the second as a product. The first sense focuses on the role of the translator in taking the original or source text
ST and turning it into a text in another language the target text, TT. The second sense centres on the concrete translation product produced by translator.
Besides, Nida and Taber 1974: 12 say that translating consists in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source-language message, first in
terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. Bassnett 2002:34 also said that translation involves far more than replacement of lexical or grammatical items
between languages. Once the translator moves away from close equivalence, the problems of determining the exact nature of the level of equivalence aimed for
begin to emerge. In this research, the kind of translation is idiomatic translations. Larson
1984:16 say that idiomatic translations use the natural forms of the receptor language, both in the grammatical constuctions and in the choice of lexical items.
A truly idiomatic translation does not sound like a translation. It sounds like it was written originally in the receptor language.
From the definitions above, it can be concluded that translation involves two languages: the source language SL and the target language TL also translation
is a process of reproducing the meaning of the SL into TL text. And the equivalence is the ‘central issue’ of translation studies which becomes the main
discussion of this research.
2. Theory of Equivalence
One of the problems when translating idioms is finding the accurate equivalent.
According to Catford, translation equivalence occurs when a SL and a TL text or item are relatable to same features of substance Catford, 1965:50. It means that
the TL should carry the same message of the SL so that the meaning of SL is conveyed in the TL.
According to Vinay and Darbelnet as stated in Introducing Translation Studies they use the term “equivalence” to refer to cases where language describe
the same situation by different stylistic or structural means Vinay and Darbelnet, 1995:38-9;2004:134. From the definitions above, it can be concluded that
equivalence is a case where SL and TL text carry the same meaning in the same circumstances but in the different style and structural means so that equivalence
cannot be measured from their structure, but it can be measured through their PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
meaning whether SL and TL are relatable or not. According to Nida, there are two types of equivalence defined as follows :
a. Formal Equivalence
Formal equivalence focuses attention on the message itself on both form and content. One is concerned that the message in the receptor language should
match as closely as possible the different elements in the source language. Nida, 1964a:159. It means that formal equivalence is a “gloss” translation. It has a
close assessment to the ST structure which leads to the accuracy and correctness.
b. Dynamic Equivalence
Dynamic, or functional, equivalence is based on what Nida calls’ the principle of equivalent effect’, where ‘the relationship between receptor and
message should subtantially the same as that which existed between the original receptors and the message’ Nida, 1964a:159. It means that dynamic
equivalence focuses on the naturalness of the translation. To achieve the naturalness, the adaptations of grammar, lexicon, and of cultural references are
needed.
For Nida, the success of translation depends above all on achieving equivalent response. It is one of ‘four basic requirements of translation’, which are
a. making sense; b. conveying the spirit and manner of the original; c. having a natural and easy form of expression; d. producing a similar response. Nida,
1964a:164 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
