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3.4 Research Instruments and Data Gathering Techniques
The only instrument used in this content analysis research was the transcript of the speech of “Borderlands: The Pre-Sequel”. The researcher used
the transcript to gather the swearing utterances occurred in the game. To ease the data gathering, the researcher then formulated categories that were relevant to the
investigation by coding. Fraenkel and Wallen 2012, p. 436 state that coding is a technique that is used in content analysis method. Coding is the analytic process
through which data are fractured, conceptualized and integrated to form theory. The following table presented two objectives which became the main focus of the
study; the types of swearing and the motives of swearing. The format of the coding table shows how the researcher answers the first and the second research
problem of this study.
Table 3.1. Format of the Coding Table of the Types of Swearing and Motives of Swearing by the Main Character of Borderlands: The Pre-Sequel
No Code Data Types
Motives
Dialogue Swearing
Expression E
S A
b S
H S
A u
S
P M
S M
L M
1. The Beginning
of The End 8
Soldier I surrender I give up
Jack Off course he does
Now kill him Jack Hahahha
He really
thought we were gonna let him go. He
was like “daaah, I’m gonna turn my life
around and eat better and finish my novel
and stuff”, then BOOOOM What a
dumbass, ahaha
What a dumbass,
ahaha
√ √
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Legends: ES:
Expletive Swearing PM: Psychological Motive
AbS: Abusive Swearing
SM: Social Motive HS:
Humorous Swearing LM: Linguistic
Motive
AuS: Auxiliary Swearing 3.5 Data Analysis Technique
There were several steps taken in order to analyze the data. First, the researcher played the Borderlands: The Pre-Sequel game to check the occurrence
of swearing expression throughout the story. Then the researcher downloaded the transcript of the speeches of the game from internet on
www.borderlands.wikia.comwikiCategory:Transcripts. Next, the researcher eliminated the transcript which was not relevant with the study because the main
focus was only on the conversation which contains the main character’s swearing expression. After that, the researcher classified that expression based on the
swearing occurred in the game. In order to answer the research questions, the researcher found out some
theories which were related to the topics discussed and then matched each classification of the utterances of swearwords to those theories. After that, the
researcher analyzed the data and made a conclusion to answer the research questions.
3.6 Research Procedures To answer the research questions, the researcher had to undertake the
systematic research procedure. In order to finalize this research, there were six steps necessary. Those were; deciding a problem, reviewing related literature,
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deciding the approach, deciding data source and identifying the data, interpreting the data, and reporting result.
1. Deciding Problem
Deciding the problem of the research is the essential part of every research since the researcher conducted the research in order to find out the answer of the
problems. In deciding the research problem, the researcher came from his personal interest in investigating swearing phenomenon in society that was represented in a
game called “Borderlands: The Pre-Sequel”. In this game, there could be found different varieties of swearing occurred throughout the game.
2. Reviewing Related
Literature After specifying the research problems, the researcher then reviewed the
relevant literature to gain more insight and knowledge about the topic. The researcher read several journals and books which mainly discussed about taboo,
taboo words, swear words and swearing. Hence, the researcher could decide the relevant theories related to the research problems.
3. Collecting the Data
The form of the data of this research was in the form of transcription. The transcript contained the speeches of the characters of “Borderlands: The Pre-
Sequel” which is obtained from the internet. 4.
Deciding the Approach After reviewing some relevant literatures and collecting the data, the
researcher then designed the research. The approach which the researcher used was the qualitative approach. In supporting the approach, the method used was
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