In the process of translation, the exact meaning of sentences, idioms, and phrases must be discovered. This process is regarded as the problems of translation.
Thus, the translator should pay attention with hisher translation strategy which can help the translator to translate the language into another language. Translation
strategy as a tactic of translator for translating words, phrases, or a sentence Suryawinata and Hariyanto, 2003: 67. There are two strategies, first structural
strategies and semantic strategies
a. Structural Strategies
The structural strategies are categorized into three: there are addition, subtraction and transposition. Suryawinata and Hariyanto, 2003: 67 - 69.
i. Addition
This strategy uses to add the words in the source language structure because the source language needs to add some words. For example:
SL: Saya guru, TL: I am teacher
The word “am” and “a” must be added to make the structure in the target language can be accepted.
ii. Subtraction
Subtraction means there is omitting structural element in the target language. For example:
SL: You should go home. SL: Her husband is an engineer.
TL: kamu mesti pulang. TL: Suaminya insinyur.
The structural element in verb ‘go” and “is an” are omitted from target language.
iii. Transposition
In this strategy, the translator changes the source language structure in the target language sentences to get same meaning. The changes of the structure
can be from plural into singular, adjective phrase, or the whole sentences. For example:
SL: Musical instruments can be divided into two basic groups. TL: Alat musik bisa dibagi menjadi dua kelompok dasar.
From the example, plural word in the source language changes into singular in the target language. “Instruments” plural translated into “alat” singular.
Similarly with the word “groups” translated into “kelompok”.
b. Semantic Strategies
Semantics strategies are translation strategies related with the meaning. These strategies are focused in the words, phrases, clauses and sentences. Semantics
strategies are divided into nine strategies. There are borrowing, cultural equivalent, descriptive equivalent, synonym, official
translation, loss and gain, additional, omission, and modulation. Suryawinata and Hariyanto, 2003: 70 - 76.
i. Borrowing
Borrowing is a translation strategy whereby the translator uses a word or expression from Source Language in the Target Language.
One reason of using foreign terms is to show respect through the words. Another reason is because there is no equivalence in the Target Language.
There are two kinds of borrowing. The first one is transliteration, a borrowing that keeps the Source Language word in its original form, either its sound or
spelling. The second one is naturalization. By naturalization, the Source Language word’s sound and spelling are adapted into the Target Language. For example:
Source Language Transliteration
Naturalization
mall mall
mal sandal
sandal sandal
orangutan orangutan
orangutan
ii. Cultural equivalent
In this strategy, the translator translates the SL cultural word with the TL cultural word. As the example, the Indonesia word ‘Jaksa Agung’ is translated as
Attorney General in English not Great Attorney.
iii. Descriptive equivalent and Componential Analysis
This strategy is used when the SL word is expressed by its description and function.
For example, the word samurai is described as ‘the Japanese aristocracy from the eleventh to nineteenth century’; its function was ‘to provide officers and
administrators’.
iv. Synonym
This strategy is used when the translator uses the TL words that have more or less the same meaning for the SL words. For examples:
SL: What a cute baby you’ve got TL: Alangkah lucunya bayimu
The word “cute” translated into “lucu”. “Cute” and “lucu” are synonym. “Cute” is an attractive child and “lucu” is a child who is attracting people to get
their attention. “lucu” and “cute” have similar meaning as an attractive child to get someone attention.
v. Official Translation
