ISSN 2086-5953
2 MODEL, ANALYSIS, DESIGN,
AND IMPLEMENTATION
Sustainable agriculture is a way of raising food that is healthy for consumers and animals,
does not harm the environment, is humane for workers, respect animals, provides a fair wage to
the farmer, and support and enhances rural communities. This method is an important element
of the overall effort to make human activities
compatible with the demands of the earth‘s eco- system. Thus, an understanding of the different
approaches to ecological agriculture is necessary if we want to utilize the planet‘s resources Desai and
Pujari, 2007.
2.1 Model of Sustainable Agriculture
Sustainable agriculture is an agricultural system that involves several aspect, they are
ecologically sound, associative economy, socially just, culturally appropriate, holistic science,
appropriate technology, and development of human potential. Those element are related each other. The
correlation between those elements is described in figure 1.
Based on that figure, political structure, business enterprises, science, technology, and
cultural institution have relation like a circle. Even business enterprises, people, nature, cultural
institution, individual, and inner ecology have interrelationship. From that relation we can see that
agriculture is start from the relation between people and nature.
Nature supply medium for human being to farming. This activity was originally only was
designed to meet the needs of every day. But in a system of sustainable agriculture, these activities
are part of the business needs. In any area businesses enterprises directly related to the
political structure. This is related to the agricultural policy issued by governmental bodies and
procedures for working in the field of agriculture. Political structure certainly can not arbitrarily
determine the policy, particularly in agriculture, regardless of the condition of society in the region.
Because of that, it takes the role of cultural institutions in it.
In the implementation of sustainable agriculture not only the relevant aspects of culture
but also is required the application of science that is supported by technology. The purpose of this
requirement is in order to sustainable agriculture is not only just a theory without strong basic but also
can be a method which can make our agriculture better than before. Because of that, to support this
method, application of technology is needed. It can make the method easy to do and to handle. The
increase of sophisticated technology makes the price of products more expensive. So that, the
present of science and technology directly impact to business enterprises.
Figure 1. Generic Model of Sustainable Agriculture Source: http:www.cadi.ph
Cultural institution not only related to technology that is applied in sustainable agriculture
but also to subject who is involved inside. All of subjects are part of inner ecology that will be built
through the sustainable agriculture.
2.2 Analysis of Organic Farming as
Sustainable Agriculture System
Sustainable agriculture is an effort to solve agricultural problem, especially food security,which
is happened in some area, in this case is in Indonesia. There are several technologies which can
be applied in sustainable agriculture, they are integrated pest management, organic farming,
LEISA
low-external-input and
sustainable agriculture, and Fukouka model in natural
ISSN 2086-5953 agriculture.
In this case we want to offer about organic farming as technology in sustainable agriculture.
Organic farming is farming production system which avoids or limits the use of chemical fertilizer;
pesticide, herbicide, and controller grow substance. The main purpose of organic farming is to supply
agricultural product, mainly food material which is safe for producer and consumer, and not damage the
environment. Organic farming will give many advantages reviewed from side of increasing soil
fertility and increase crop production and livestock, and from environment side in survive environment
balance, beside that from the economic side, it will keep more foreign exchange for imports of
fertilizers, agricultural chemicals, and provides many employment opportunities and increase
farmers income.
In principle, organic farming in line with development agriculture with low technology inputs
and it is the efforts towards sustainable agriculture development. Harwood 1990 in Rachman 2002
explained that there are three important agreements in sustainable agriculture building: increased of
farm product with natural resource efficiency, biological controlled in agriculture system not
being depends on non-agriculture system, and increased close process of soil nutrients recycle.
People who care in health way life have a mindset that a guarantee of agricultural product is the
product that has food safety attributes, nutritional attributes, and eco-labeled attributes. That consumer
preference caused the world demand of organic farming product increase BPTP Sumbar 2010.
In practice, geographic profile all over the world has a big deal in organic farming.
Geographical conditions of each country are different. It causes the product of organic farming
different in each country. That depends on the supply of sun, nutrients, water, and soil.
Indonesia has a big chance to compete in international trade although in step by step. This all
due to any plus point in agriculture such as a large open access to expand organic farming, the
availability of supported technology in organic farming such as compost making, plant without soil
treat, natural pesticide, etc.
Indonesia is located at 6 degrees north latitude and 11 degrees south latitude and 95
degrees west longitude and 141 degrees East Longitude. The location of latitude and longitude
shows that Indonesia has a tropical climate. This climate supports enough for the existence of
agriculture in this region. The present of nutrients, water, sun, and soil can increase agricultural potent
in it. Conditions such as these it is possible for Indonesia to implement organic farming systems.
Figure2. Mind Map of Analysis Sustainable Agriculture System
Organic farming has a good prospect in economy. In Indonesia, organic product such as
vegetables is most popular in consumer from middle to wealthy. Most of them choose to pay
more expensive due to the quality and safety of the product. If a part of an-organic area is converted to
organic, conventional market competition can be avoided because of the difference consumer target.
Organic products are usually exported to Malaysia or Singapore or modern market.
Healthy and nutritious food can be produced by organic farming method. This method has low
risk in environment and consumer health. The main target of organic farming is the safe foods with free
or limited pesticide, herbicide, synthetic fertilizer, heavy metal, and many others.
2.3 Implementation of Organic
