ISSN 2086-5953 characteristics a. job complexity,
b. Information
processing, c.
Problem solving, d. skill variety and e. Specialization
Hypotheses 3: Leader intention to serve was positively
influence to
the knowledge characteristics a. job
complexity, b.
Information processing, c. Problem solving, d.
skill variety and e. Specialization
2.3 Cross Culture Analysis
Since the early 1990s, servant leadership has grown as a discrete area of leadership studies,
particularly in the North American and European contexts. While this if valuable, to date, little has
been done to study the value and applicability of servant leadership in the eastern context, from
individualist to collectivist cultures Smith Hume, 2005. There is an increase of interest in
literatures now days. For example, studies conducted by Singhapkadi et al. 1999 found
significant differences in moral philosophy across national cultures, especially between South African
and American counterparts, and Thai people and Americans. Otherwise, Attia et al.1999 founds
that Middle Eastern peoples are be more idealistic than American one, Korean managers had higher
idealism than Americans Lee Sirgy, 1999. Moreover, Davis et al. 1988 found that Indonesian
students were highest relativists than American students. Whereas, Chinese is rely on less
―idealistic‖ than Western counterparts, when making ethical decisions.
Hence, it is not surprising that such differences in ethical culture exist even within Asia,
given the diversity of cultures within this region, and the dynamic nature of values within any given
region. A number of authors have warned against the gener
alization of ―Asian values‖ in discussions in philosophical roots, and societal and economic
development Koehn, 1999. Other studies support the lack was related to the ethical decision making,
which is less concerned on humanitarianism and more couched in self-interest McDonald and Pak,
1996 or economic considerations Lin, 1999.
Thus, to contrast ―East‖ and ―West‖ is appropriate to examine the values of the different of Eastern‖
countries. Accordingly, this study investigated Indonesia and Taiwan represent the eastern context
and looking for the different effect of servant leadership to the knowledge characteristics.
2.4 Method
