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Figure 5. Bioethanol production machines first stage
Description: 1. Vacuum pump
2. Condenser 3. Container bucket Bioethanol
4. Reactor + mixer 5. Waste extract window gelatin
6. Heater
2.2 Bioethanol Production Process
In principle, a bioethanol production process is almost the same stage bioethanol production
process of three stages. It was only in the production process, the third stages are summarized
into a single stage for the creation of efficient and effectiveness of production. The production flow as
depicted in scheme below:
Figure 6. Bioethanol production flow first stage
Production process with three stages, every stage is done by division of space and time. Stage
of hydrolysis by a bacterium will produce glucose, then in the fermentation process are also using
different types of bacteria when menghiodrilis starch selolusa. This because there are some
bacteria that are not capable of doing the second phase these. After fermentation is successful, then
the results of these fermentation brought back to the place of distillation for ethanol purification 99 of
other materials. This is considered less efficient and effective because of migration in addition to cost
and where are also relatively longer, making it difficult to maintain continued.
By applying the method of production of one stage, third stage intended to be immediately
implemented in one place. Waste agar-agar Initially created to extract, it is intended to clean up waste
order from other components with the assumption that treatment does not damage Waste to waste-
Extracting Process cellulose in the waste. Waste then inserted through the place which have been
provided to the reactor see figure 4. Inside the reactor
Clostridium thermocellum cultures have
previously been provided. The bacteria are able to hydrolyze cellulose to glucose as well as conduct
fermentation of glucose produced by him alone. So, in the reactor There also will be referred to
fermented
products such
as ethanol.
Simultaneously, the space heaters will continue to supply heat to the reactor, between 70-100
o
This is done in accordance with the optimum conditions which are owned by bacterium
Clostridium thermocellum to grow up and move
once the temperature which allows for the ethanol evaporates into gas. Heater intended to be done
diberikaan directly from the fiery furnace, and boiler. In this case more advised to use the boiler to
ensure easy in regulating the temperature and pressure. Stirrer in the reactor is always spinning,
this is intended to maintain the mobility of bacteria that can used continuously and aeration menjagaa
standards required by these bacteria to live.
With the help of the vacuum pump, gas will go into ethanol done some space to a condenser for
condensation condensation. Obtained from condensation of moisture which will then be
bioethanol and ditampunng in the container while the temperature setting and pressures that maintain
the quality of bioethanol for use commercialized to the public. This production capable of running
continuously, provided that the supply of waste water agar containing cellulose remains available,
as well as maintenance of equipment and bacteria in it awake [9]. That is, bacteria existing in the
reactor must remain supervised in order to stay alive and able to metabolic activities optimally.
2.3 Analysis of Economic Aspects
Bioethanol production process in one step using a bacterial Clostridium thermocellum using
materials that have economic value namely low indsustri waste gelatin. This is a form of utilization
ISSN 2086-5953 of industrial waste gelatin which has never been
properly utilized tends to be a problem for the environment. This is a breakthrough in the use of
waste goods become more valuable economy.
3 CONCLUSION
The energy crisis experienced by the world as well as greenhouse gas forcing human to search
for new, sustainable energy alternatives and friendly environment. Bioethanol is an alternative
effective in answering these challenges. Bioethanol production can be done efficiently bacterium
Clostridium thermocellum
with raw materials of industrial waste gelatin Gracillaria sp.
4 SUGGESTION
Continue to develop the game for media development
new renewable
energy and
environmentally friendly substitute for fossil fuels the thinning through the principle of co-Managemet
between academia, government related, business community and the mass production of bioethanol.
REFERENCES
[1] Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, 2009. Kajian Lengkap Prospek Pemanfaatan
Biodiesel dan
Bioetanol pada
Sektor Transportasi di Indonesia. Badan Pengkajian
dan Penerapan Teknologi, Jakarta. [2] Nurfiana et al, 2009. Organic feedstocks
produced by fermentation. Biotechnology: A textbook of industrial microbiology. Sinauer
Associates Inc., T.D. Brook. Sunderland, M.A., p.124−133.
[3] Umi, A. 2005. Bioethanol from cellulosic materials: A renewable motor fuel from
biomass. Energy Sources 21: 327−337. [4] Dien, B.S., M.A. Cotta, and T.W. Jeffries.
2003. Bacteria engineered for fuel ethanol production: Current status. Appl. Microbiol.
Biotechnol. 63: 258−266. Eliasson, A., E.
Boles, B. Johansson, [5] Esser, K. and T. Karsch. 1984. Bacterial
ethanol production:
advantages and
disadvantages. Proc. Biochem. 19: 116−121. [6] Surambo., J.E. Campbell, and D.B. Lobell.
2007. Biomass energy: the scale of the potential resource. Trends in Ecology and
Evolution 232: 65−72. [7] Herrera, S. 2006. Bonkers about biofuels.
Nature Biotechnol. 247: 755−760. [8] Hill, J., E. Nelson, D. Tilman, S. Polasky and
D. Tiffany. 2006. Environmental, economic, and energetic costs and benefits of biodiesel
and ethanol biofuels. Proceeding of the National Academy of Science, USA 103:
11206−11210. [9] Ingram, L.O., H.C. Aldrich, A.C.C. Borges,
T.B. Causey, A. Martinez, F. Morales, A. Saleh, S.A. Underwood, L.P. Yomano, S.W.
York, J. Zaldivar, and S.D. Zhou. 1999. Enteric bacterial catalysts for fuel ethanol
production. Biotechnol. Prog. 15: 855−866. [10] Knauf, M. and M. Moniruzzaman. 2004.
Lignocellulosic biomass
processing: A
perspective. Intl. Sugar J. 1061263: 147− 150.
[11] Lynd, L.R. 1996. Overview and evaluation of fuel
ethanol from
cellulosic biomass:
Technology, economics, the environment, and policy. Ann. Rev. Energy Environ. 21:
403−465. [12] Potoènik, J. 2007. Renewable energy sources
and the realities of setting an energy agenda. Science 315: 810−811.
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169 ISSN 2086-5953
ORGANIC FARMING IN INDONESIA: BETWEEN CHANCE AND CHALLANGE
Filda Nurria Agustifa M.A.
1
, Ernawati
2 1
Department of Food Science and Technology, Agricultural Technology Faculty
2
Department of Fisheries Aquatic Technology, Fisheries and Marine Science Faculty, Bogor Agricultural University
Jl. Raya Darmaga Kampus IPB Darmaga Bogor 16680 West Java, Indonesia
Email: philda_itp45ymail.com
1
, erna_thp45yahoo.com
2
ABSTRACT
Healthy lifestyle ―back to nature‖ nowadays is being new lifestyle of people around the world,
leave old lifestyle which used chemical such as an- organic fertilizer, synthetic chemical pesticide, and
growth hormone in farming. Healthy and high nutritious food can be produced by a new method
known as organic farming.
This lifestyle has large expanded all over the world with some guarantees covered food safety
attributes, nutritional
attributes, eco-labeled
attributes. The consumer preference causes high demand on organic farming product in the world.
Organic product market around the world increases up to 20 every year. Because of that, the
development of organic farming cultivation has to be a priority especially for plants with high value in
order to supply domestic and export needs.
In Indonesia, application of organic farming is still low in quantity. There are some chances and
challenges in practice. The main chance is a wide number of agricultural land and tropical climate
condition. Otherwise, the low quality of Indonesian farmers is being the challenge in organic farming.
Keywords: healthy, organic farming, market, chance, challenge.
1 INTRODUCTION
Agriculture is one of important sector for every country in the world. Everyone need
agriculture to survive their life, i.e. by agriculture, we can get the daily food source looks like rice,
cassava, potato, fruits, vegetables, etc. Based on the fact that agriculture related with food security, it is
important to make agriculture system better than before.
Food security issues are the classical problem which is tried to be solved. The data from
FAO shows that in 2009, more than 1 billion people in the world malnourished. In 2050 the world
population is estimated 9.1 billion people, where to meet their food requirement are needed to increase
food production by 70 or nearly double the production of this food Deptan, 2010. That
phenomenon shows how important agriculture is. Agricultural system which is often applied is
modern agriculture. It is done because modern agriculture system by using chemical fertilizer can
produce a big number of agricultural products at short time. However; the negative impact of the use
of chemical fertilizer and pesticide is felt. Because of that people start to miss health agricultural
product. Due to this case, sustainable agriculture is important to be applied. One of sustainable
agriculture system which can be used is organic farming.
Nowadays organic farming issues began to develop along with the increasing awareness about
food health and quality that is consumed. Other than health reasons, organic farming also believed to
environmentally friendly because it can minimize the use of chemicals in their production process.
Because of the advantage, organic farming product has higher price than modern agriculture product.
Basically, organic agriculture, which means re-adopted the system to restore all the organic
material produced in the soil, either in the form of crop and livestock waste. This organic material can
be further broken down into organic nutrients that improve soil fertility. In addition to improving soil
fertility and crop production, organic farming systems are also capable of supporting ecosystem
balance. In terms of economics, organic farming can reduce cost using chemicals such as fertilizers,
pesticides, and herbicides Ayub, 2010.
This paper is an effort to identify the ideas, chance, and challenge of sustainable agriculture in
Indonesia especially organic farming. Because of the concept of sustainable agriculture is still
involving, we intend this paper not as a definitive or final statement, but as an invitation to continue the
dialogue.
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2 MODEL, ANALYSIS, DESIGN,
AND IMPLEMENTATION
Sustainable agriculture is a way of raising food that is healthy for consumers and animals,
does not harm the environment, is humane for workers, respect animals, provides a fair wage to
the farmer, and support and enhances rural communities. This method is an important element
of the overall effort to make human activities
compatible with the demands of the earth‘s eco- system. Thus, an understanding of the different
approaches to ecological agriculture is necessary if we want to utilize the planet‘s resources Desai and
Pujari, 2007.
2.1 Model of Sustainable Agriculture
