ISSN 2086-5953 addition, research libraries are also performed to
search the literature in order to obtain secondary data and review of the theory of the strong.
Research carried out for 2 weeks, on 15 to 30 January 2010. This reasearch located in the
district Petungkriyono, Pekalongan, Central Java. However, the village that became the focus of
research is Telogopakis village, Yosorejo village, and village Simego. This is done with the
consideration that the 3 villages are very representative of the conditions of nature and
society Petungkriyono District.
This reseach carried out in that village because of many factors. They are:
1. that village has limited accessed to other
village. 2.
that village has social norm and trusted with other.
3 RESULT
3.1 Identification of Capital Social
Rural communities have a system of values and views that are different from urban
communities. They have norms devices as guidelines in carrying out any activity in the social
life of society. Something that is characteristic of the rural community is the attitude and consistent
adherence to the existing norms of society so that social life becomes very attached but still in
harmony because people consider it as part of his life. This is a form of social capital that exists in
rural communities.
Social capital refers to good interaction relationship between people because of the
elements of togetherness and social trust in the values contained in the custom. Social capital has
an important role in the formation of social integration because social capital has very close
relationship with the growth of economic capital in communities. The existence of good social capital
encourages opportunities for the creation of economic capital so the community financial ability
will increase.
Character of rural areas is closely related to nature. Nature becomes a part of life because nature
is a part of rural communities, which provides the necessities of life. Socially, Soerjono Soekanto
explained that the village community is a communal society. The villagers have a high sense
of integrity toward others because of the strong kinship patterns in communities. Therefore,
adherence values and norms become important features of rural communities. This concept is
closely linked to social capital. In this sense social capital is social capital the basic building blocks of
communal activities of the villagers. In society life, social capital is considered important because it
provides an important contribution in shaping a harmonious society and independent. In addition,
social capital is also important to set good public relations within society and among the public. For
the identification of social capital in communities considered very important especially when the
influence of cultural capital city began to enter the village for essential elements was not lost.
In this study, found social capital identified in the 3 forms of social capital that is
skills expertise, institutional, as well as values and norms contained in the community. The three forms
of social capital ultimately synergize to promote the development
of economic
capital for
the community Petungkriyono:
1. Skills
Social capital in terms of skills pretty much found in the community. Although very rare
to find a graduate degree, they are quite skilled in an effort to live independently.
Skills that they get are entirely derived from the frequently performed habit and more
likely to be affected due to natural circumstances.
As happened
in the
Telogopakis village. They can estimate the right time to plant crops and how to care for a
good crop. Even many black rice farmers in the Telogopakis village contracted to produce
tons of
“black rice” annually by the company in the city. The fertile agriculture fields in the
Village Telogopakis make enough progress. Yosorejo
Villages is
a village
in Petungkriyono which advanced because of its
strategic location at the crossroads between villages. For that many people who took the
initiative to establish a motorcycle rental
business until ―doplak‖ as the primary means of transportation between villages. Then, the
skills to grow ―ginseng‖ in the Village Simego make this village becomes the main
―ginseng‖ producer which is contracted by the Korean company.
In addition to skills in farming and trade, they are also skilled in science. They can create
artificial electricity using water turbines and solar power. So for lighting or electric power
needs, they are more likely to use electricity from windmills or solar water than electricity
ISSN 2086-5953 from PLN because they do not need to spend
tax money to pay electricity grid.
Picture 3. Turbine and Solar Power in Petungkriyono
2. Institutional
Different forms of social capital embodied in social groups are also increasingly found in
community. The group formed usually in more formal society since the formation of
community groups that tend to be based on the elements on the basis of kinship and
togetherness. Based on the level, type of group is divided into 2 types, namely between
village groups and groups in the village. However, there is also group presents only in
one village and not found in any other village. Membership of the group is usually flexible,
meaning that the participation of citizens in the group not be compulsory. Some social
groups that exist are as follows:
Name Description
Level Description
Pra y
in g
g ro
u p
community groups to
meet the spiritual
needs. Usually held every
Tuesday evening for
mothers and Friday night
for the gentlemen.
village Each village
has a village nearly all
study groups.
In fo
rm al
sav in
g g
ro u
p s
formed by communities
as a means of share capital
as well as community
efforts to assist each
other in financial
affairs. village
Village Every village
almost all have a group
gathering. Per
h u
tan i L
ab o
u r
Gr o
u p
This group is usually only
attended by the workers
who were employed by
Perhutani. They are the
workers in charge of
tapping pine resin. Usually
they gather in Mudal, where
the sap will be remitted to the
Perhutani. Usually
gather in
Mudal. Each hamlet
RW only 1 person who
is worked by the
perhutani.
Do p
lak E
m p
lo y
er s
Gr o
u p
This group is followed only
by citizens who have
doplak only. Usually
gather in
Mudal. Not all
employers doplak
hamlet there.
L ab
o r
g ro
u p
s g
in sen
g g
ro u
p Labor groups
ginseng group was only
followed by people who
become workers
ginseng by PT. Yuasa, a
Korean company.
village Theres only
village in the Simego
Village.
B lack
R ice
Far m
er s
Gr o
u p
This group was only
followed by rice farmers in
the village of Telogopakis
black. village
Theres only village in
Telogopakis Village.
Diagram 1. Social Groups in Petungkriyono
3. Social value Rural element is visible in the community
Petungkriyono. Social values are still very firmly held by the public. Social values, among others:
ISSN 2086-5953 Values And
Norms Values And Norms embodiment
of values in everyday life Togetherness
Mutual cooperation repair damaged roads
Helps repair damaged a neighbors house
Establishing community
associations Trust
There is no crime news
Honesty is
upheld in
society Mutual
exchange of information
Social networks how to grow
a good
crop Mutual
exchange of information about the condition of
village development Mutual
Relations
neighborly relationship
Mutual help if anyone have a celebration
Diagram 2. Table of Social Value
3.2 The Role of Social Capital
