CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
The detail information about how this research was conducted will be explained in this chapter. It includes explanations on the research design, the subject
of the research, the research setting, place and time of the research, the instruments of the research, data collection techniques and data analysis process as well as the
validity and reliability used under the study and also research procedure.
A. Research Design
Referring to the research objectives, this research is categorized as action research. Carr and Kemmis 1986 in Burns 1999 propose that action research is a
self reflective study conducted by participants in social situations in order to improve the rationality and justice of their own practices, their understanding of these
practices, and the situations in which these practices are carried out. This research used Kemmis and McTaggart’s model with some modifications.
The researcher, the English teacher, and another research member worked together in finding out speaking problem than carrying it out by using the chosen technique. The
steps of implementing certain technique can be seen in the schema below. The research was done in two cycles in which each cycle consisted of two
meetings. The research member formulated the problem related to the speaking skill of the students by looking at the observation data then identified the research
problems. After that, they planned and carried out the actions, and evaluated and reflected on the actions implemented in the study.
Figure 2: Kemmis McTaggart Action-Research Cycle. Burns, 1999: 33
B. Setting of the Research
This research was conducted in SMA Negeri 2 Sleman of Yogyakarta. This school is located in Brayut Pandowoharjo Sleman Yogyakarta 5512. There are some
supporting facilities in this school such as the headmaster’s room, teacher’s room, a room for school guest, an administration room, a school health unit, a mosque,
language and chemical laboratories, twelve classrooms, a library and also canteen and parking area. There are twelve classes in which each class consisted of about twenty
two to twenty six students. Totally, there are 326 students, one headmaster, forty three teachers, one school guard, and two English teachers. Each class had no LCD
and there was only one in school office. 0 = The problems
1 = Planning 2 =Action and observation I
3 = Reflection I 4 = Revised plan I
5 = Action and observation II 6 = Reflection II
C. Subject of the Research
The subjects of the research were the students of XI IPS 1 class of SMA N 2 Sleman, the researcher, research collaborator and the English teacher. The class
consisted of sixteen female students, seven male students but there was one female student who did not attend the class for about two months and also during the
research. The researcher chose XI IPS1 class as the subjects of the research randomly because the English teacher said that all of XI classes had the equal English ability.
D. Time of Research
The research was conducted in the middle of the first semester of the academic year 20132014. The observations were done on November, 1
st
2013. Then, the action was conducted from November 6
th
to November 22
nd
2013. The researcher carried out the actions based on the school schedule which were on every Wednesday
at 10.30 – 12.00 and Friday at 09.45 – 11.15. The whole actions were completed in 6 meetings. The meetings were divided into one pretest, two meetings for first cycle,
two meetings for second meetings, and one posttest.
E. Instruments of the Research
In order to gain the valid data, the researcher used these instruments which were rubric of the students’ speaking performances, field note, in-depth interviews
guideline and photographs. The rubric of the students’ speaking performances was
used to assess the students’ speaking ability in the pre-test and post-test. In those tests, the rubric focused on four aspects that were fluency, accuracy, vocabulary, and
pronunciation. Each aspect was scored 1 to 10 in which every score has different indicator.
Another data instrument were field notes that were used to get information related to the teaching and learning process and give a clear description during the
actions in the classroom. It was use to record the teaching learning process and problem faced when the action is implemented. The researcher observed what would
happen in the classroom when the action plan was conducted. The observer observed the teacher in the class. In this case, the researcher and the collaborator were able to
see and take a note of students’ progress in the classroom. The third instruments were in-depth interviews with the English teacher and
students. The researcher used interview recording to get the data about teacher’s and students’ opinion before, while and after teaching and learning process. The interview
was done after the researcher made an interview guide. It was used as guidance for the researcher in doing the interview. It means that the researcher asked some
questions by her but she will give opportunities to the students and the English teacher to say everything related to teaching and learning process of speaking. The
researcher interviewed the English teacher and some students of the eleventh grade in SMAN 2 Sleman to know more about teaching and learning process from their point
of view. It was done before, while, and after the actions have been implemented.
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