Furthermore, Burns 1999: 164 proposes four forms of triangulation. They are time, space, investigator, and theoretical triangulation. This research has time
triangulation because the data of the research were collected over a period of time in order to identify the factors that were involved in the change process. Then, to get the
investigator triangulation, the researcher asked another researcher team member to help the researcher in the reflection steps so that it could avoid the biased
interpretation. Also, this research has theoretical triangulation since the data were analysed from more than one perspective.
In addition, in order to ensure the reliability, the researcher used the scores of students’ performance tests, interview transcripts and field notes to get the same
results. To obtain the data about teaching and learning processes, the researcher interviewed the collaborator, observed the teaching and learning processes, and
interviewed the students who have just followed the lesson. Moreover, the reliability of the data was gained by giving the genuine data, such as the students’ performance
scores, field notes and interview transcripts.
I. Procedures of the Research
The research belonging to action research used Kemmis and McTaggart’s model with some modification. There are four steps in doing action research in nature
and will be presented as follow.
1. Reconnaissance
In this step, the researcher tried to find out the obstacles and weaknesses of speaking ability possessed by the students in SMA N 2 Sleman. The researcher firstly
gathered the information related to the speaking ability with the English teacher by doing an interview. Therefore, the researcher also observed teaching and learning
process in grade XI IPS 1. To complete the data in carrying out the speaking problems, some students also were interviewed. As a result, it was known that there
were no meaningful activities in speaking session so that the students got less chance in practice English orally. After doing interview and observation, the problems were
identified. Then the researcher and the English teacher together discussed the plan to
implement the actions. 2.
Planning
After doing observation and interview, the researcher and the English teacher made a planning to do the feasible actions that will be implemented. The planning
covered the identified problem based on the result of observation and interview. The purpose of the actions was to improve students’ speaking ability of grade XI IPS 2
through directed discussion games.
3. Acting and Observing
The action was conducted by the researcher whereas the English teacher observed the process. The researcher used directed discussion games in solving
students’ problem in speaking ability with certain basic of competencies about asking
