Identification of the Problem

C. Limitation of the Problem

From the identification of the problems, the problems were found in the teaching and learning process in grade XI IPS 2 at SMAN 2 Sleman Yogyakarta are various and wide. The problems are related to the students, the teacher, the materials, the teaching methods and the school environment. Unfortunately, in this action research, the researcher had limited time to overcome all of the problems. Based on that, there would be two of the problems that would be solved; those were the problems were the students and the teaching technique.

D. Formulation of the Problem

As the researcher discussed in the background of the problems, identification of the problems, and the limitation of the problems, the formulation of the problem in this research can be formulated as follows. 1. How are directed discussion games used to improve the students’ speaking ability? 2. Can the use of directed discussion games improve the students’ speaking skill?

E. Objective of the Study

There are two objectives that can be acquired from this study as presented below 1. Describing an effective technique in improving the students’ speaking ability by using directed discussion games. 2. Helping students solve their problems in speaking English by using directed discussion games.

F. Significance of the Study

There are some expected advantages that can be acquired from this study as presented below. 1. The students of SMAN 2 Sleman can improve their speaking skill by using Directed Discussion Games. 2. The English teacher of SMAN 2 Sleman can obtain a good information and an opportunity to improve their quality of teaching speaking to the students. 3. For the readers, they can get the knowledge about managing the class performance and making attractive meaningful activities in speaking by using directed discussion games. 4. For other researchers, this research gives some information to conduct research on the effectiveness of the directed discussion games for improving speaking skill of the students.

CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

A. Literature Review

In conducting research dealing with problem solving activities, the researcher needs to look at some related theories. Literature review is necessary in order to discover the appropriate way in teaching and learning process. This chapter presents literature review related to teaching speaking skill and also conceptual framework. Theoretical review is divided into four sub headings; English teaching and learning, speaking, games and directed discussion games.

1. English Teaching and Learning

This chapter describes important matters concerning in English teaching and learning. There are two sub headings; the nature of English teaching learning and communicative language teaching approach in teaching speaking skill.

a. The Nature of English Teaching and Learning

The English language teaching tradition has changed to be tremendous subject, especially throughout the twentieth century. The need of mastering the knowledge arises in the society as an impact of wanting better life than the previous people. Learning any discipline studies cannot be separated from a teaching process. The term teaching and learning is closely related to the total educational process. Therefore, the very substantial aspect the researcher delivers is English teaching and learning.