29 3B. Moreover, if we compare the intra-sentential switching in those classes, we
find that the intra-sentential switching mostly occurred in 3B. Furthermore, the researcher also found that another type of code-switching proposed by McArthur
1998 especially tag switching type mostly occurred in 5C grade if compared to tag switching in the other classes. However, for the intra-word type, the researcher
found that it only occurred in the both 2B and 3B class. The intra-word type was used by the teacher only
in the three teacher‟s utterances. McArthur 1998 provides four types of code-switching; they are inter-
sentential switching, intra-sentential switching, tag switching, and intra-word switching. Looking from this perspective, the researcher presented the data of the
types of code-switching which were used by the teacher. Consequently, those types would be presented one by one.
1. Inter-sentential Switching
According to McArthur 1998, inter-sentential switching is a type of switching in which the code-switching occurs at clause or sentence boundaries. In
this research, the researcher found that the teacher used this type in her sentences while teaching the students in 2A, 2B, 3B, 3C, and 5C. The percentage of this
type used by the teacher is 36 see table 4.1. The researcher would provide some examples of the inter-sentential switching that were used by the teacher in
some classes. The first example is: [Case 67]
T: Everybody please sit down in your chair. Duduk di bangkunya masing- masing Please, sit down on your chairs.
S: Okay miss. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
30 The example above shows that the code-switching sentence belongs to
inter-sentential switching. Based on the example above, the researcher found that the example is included on the type of inter-sentential switching from English to
Bahasa Indonesia. Case 67 shows the situation where the code-switching was used by the teacher when teaching in the class. The teacher asked the students to
sit down on their own seats while the students were walking around the class. In this code-switching sentence, the teacher tried to make the students understand her
instruction. The teacher switched the English sentence, “Everybody, please sit down in your chair
” to Bahasa Indonesia sentence, “Duduk di bangkunya masing- masing”. Thus, the teacher‟s utterance is considered as inter-sentential switching
at the sentence boundary. In this case, The teacher used English to Bahasa Indonesia to switch code. Another example of inter-sentential switching from
English to Bahasa Indonesia would be provided below by the researcher based on the findings:
[Case 35] T: Class, I will divide you into groups.
Dibagi kedalam kelompok ya anak-anak. I will divide you into groups S: Okay Miss.
T: Okay, pay attention class and listen to me first. The example shows the situation where the teacher informed the students
that she was going to divide them into some groups. At that time, the students would do a game. Therefore, they would be divided into some groups and the
teacher would ask questions and then they should answer as a group. The teacher‟s sentence above shows is considered as inter-sentential
switching. The English sentence, “Class, I will divide you into groups”, is
31 switched into Bahasa Indonesia sentence. The Bahasa Indonesia sentence is
“Dibagi kedalam kelompok ya anak-anak.”. Thus, it is considered as inter- sentential switching at the sentence boundary.
According to McArthur 1998, code-switching occurs in two languages or more. Therefore, the researcher also found that in the bilingual classrooms, the
teacher also used inter-sentential switching from Bahasa Indonesia to English. The following example shows the inter-sentential switching from Bahasa
Indonesia to English. [Case 3]
T: Jadi, anak-anak perhatikan dulu So, attention please class. Attention please, class.
The example above occurred when the teacher asked the students to pay attention to her since the students were busy with themselves. The teacher gave
the instructions to the students to work on their workbook. The teacher said the sentence in Bahasa Indonesia first,
“Jadi anak-anak perhatikan dulu”, then the teacher swit
ched it into English sentence, “Attention please class”. Thus, this case is considered as intra-sentential at the sentence boundary which occurred from
Bahasa Indonesia to English sentence. McArthur 1998 states that inter-sentential switching can occur at the
clause boundary. Based on this perspective, the researcher found the intra- sentential switching at the clause boundary in the
teacher‟s speech. Here is the example of Inter-sentential switching at the clause boundary.
[Case 59] T: Okay class, the quiz will be a game in a group.
T: Nanti grup yang memenangkannya A group which later win , I‟ll give
you many candies. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
