20 did the the interview. The interview was done in the school mosque on Saturday,
April 23rd, 2016. In the observation, the researcher found that the situation of the classrooms
were natural. The teacher taught the classroom naturally. She taught the students clearly. In this case, the students also behaved naturally while they were
responding to the teacher‟s speech.
C. Research Subject
In this research, the subject is an English teacher of SDN Serayu Yogyakarta.
The teacher‟s mother tongue is Bahasa Indonesia. The teacher taught English in all classes in SDN Serayu Yogyakarta. The teacher mostly speaks in
English while teaching in the classroom. However, the code-switching was also performed by the teacher during the learning activity. Basically, the English
lesson was allocated for thirty-five minutes. Practically, the teacher would speak for about 15-20 minutes for each meeting in the second and third grades while the
res t would be used for students‟ activities i.e working on their workbook and
playing English game. Therefore, based on the information above, the researcher chose the teacher as the subject. Consequently, the researcher considered the
subject as purposive sampling. According to Engel Russell 2014, purpose sampling may be used to examine the effectiveness of some intervention with
clients who have particular characteristics, such as a specific diagnosis. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
21
D. Research Instruments Data Gathering Techniques
The researcher used observation and interview as the instruments of this research. The data from both instruments support each other in completing the
final result. 1.
Observation As pointed by Kolb 2008, observational research is one of the few
methodologies that do not rely on verbal communication between the researcher and participant. It is also mentioned that instead of asking people about their
consumer behavior, with this methodology the researcher watched and recorded what they actually do. Therefore, this method is used by the researcher in the
bilingual classroom. The researcher observed the participant by observing the code-switching which was done by the teacher directly.
Ary et al. 2010 mention that direct object can be applied in the natural setting for instance in a classroom where the actual behaviors occur. The
researcher attended classroom to have a one-hour direct observation. In the classroom, the researcher gained the data through taking notes in the table
attached and recording the code-switching. In this research, the researcher also used the recording as the tool to back up
the data if only the researcher missed some parts while taking notes. The notes that were taken by the researcher were used as the main data. The recording data
was used to support the main data. The researcher used table below to note and identify the types and the
functions of code-switching based on McArthur‟s theory for types of code-
22 switching and Mattson and Burrenhult 1999 theory for functions of code-
switching. The researcher wrote the sentences of code-switching down on the column to collect the data. Then, the researcher checked the types and function of
code-switching.
Table 3.1: Instrument Table for the observation
NO. Sentence
Types of Code-switching Function
Context Inter.
Intra. Tag
Intra. W
Notes: Types of code-switching:
1. Inter
: Inter-sentential switching 2.
Intra : Intra-sentential switching
3. Tag
: Tag Switching 4.
Intra. W : Intra-Word After having classified the function of code-switching in the tables, the
researcher analyzed the function of code-switching deeper. In analyzing the function of code-switching, the researcher used theories and also data interview.
The researcher analyzed the data based on theory of Mattsson and Burenhult 1999. The supporting studies or theories might be used by the researcher to
conclude the results 2.
Interview The interview was conducted in agreement with the subject. Gilham
2000 states that an interview is a conversation which is usually shared between two people, the conversation where one person
– the interviewer – is seeking PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
