Function of Bilingualism Bilingualism
12 requires more complexity because it is related to the syntactic rules of the
sentences. 3
Intra-sentential switching The last type is called Intra-sentential. Intra-sentential switching happens
when the bilingual do the switching that is related to the syntactic rules. Therefore, it also covers the variety to another at the clause, phrase, or word level.
For example, in a Portuguese- English bilingual‟s speech: A: “Yeah, I don‟t know
o meu lugar nesse mundo…so, something that is weird, like a, like a, I guess
it‟s…” [… I don‟t know my place in this world…]. Types of code-switching are also classified by McArthur 1998 into four
parts. The first three types that are classified by McArthur are the same with the Poplack‟s theory about the types of code-switching. They refer to the same three
types of code-switching. These are the types of code-switching that are classified by McArthur 1998:
1 Tag-Switching
McArthur defines that tag-switching, in which tags and certain set phrases in one language are inserted into an utterance otherwise in another, as when a
PanjabiEnglish bilingual says: Its a nice day, hana? hai nā isnt it. Another
example happened in th e bilingual classroom, “ Ya, who can answer the question
raise your hand.”. 2
Intra-Sentential Switching In this type, McArthur defines that Intra-Sentential Switching happens from
one language to other languages within the level of clauses or sentences. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
13 YorubaEnglish bilingual says: Won o arrest a single person. won o= they did
not. The intra-sentential switching also occurs in the bilingual classroom. The example is, “What is perpustakaan in English class?”.
3 Inter-Sentential Switching
McArthur defines that Inter-Sentential Switching happens in which a switch from one language to other languages at the level of clauses or sentences, where
each clause or sentence is in one language or the other. The example of inter- sentential switching is, A SpanishEnglish bilingual says: Sometimes Ill start a
sentence in English y termino en español and finish it in Spanish. Another example of inter-
sentential switching in teaching and learning process is, “Itu yang ada di pojok
. Come on, answer number four please.”. 4
Intra-Word Switching McArthur defines that Intra-Word Switching happens at the level of words
in one language are inserted into an utterance otherwise in another. Intra-word switching occurs within a word boundary, such as in shoppã English shop with
the Panjabi plural ending or kuenjoy English enjoy with the Swahili prefix „ku-‟,
meaning „to‟. Another example of intra word has been identified by Vitaloka 2013, the word “ Calling-an” is considered as intra-word switching since the
English word “ calling” is added by Indonesian suffix “- an”.