Translation Mapping and the Meanings of Preposition beyond

There are two data points with the preposition above that are translated into tak dapat 21TTByn8104 and sesudah 23TTByn10270 . Seen from what Alwi and Ramlan state about Indonesian prepositions, both tak dapat and sesudah are not included in their theories but based on the theories of preposition from both sides, English and Indonesian, the translations of preposition beyond into ke luar, di luar, dari balik, tak dapat, sesudah, di atas, and di depan in those 14 data points shared similar relationships and meanings. They both express spatial relationships, orientation, and indicate a place or location, movement, and source direction. Prepositional phrases with the preposition beyond found in the work City of Ember form 14 data points. They are translated into several different words in Indonesian such as ke luar 3 data, di luar 6 data, dari balik 1 datum, tak dapat 1 datum, sesudah 1 datum, di atas 1 datum, and di depan 1 datum. In the table of translation mapping of preposition beyond below, when preposition above is translated into same word in several data, the writer only presents one of them. English Preposition Indonesian Translation Number of Data Indonesian Word Class Beyond Ke luar 16TTByn340 Preposition Di luar 14TTByn128 Preposition Dari balik 20TTByn771 Preposition Tak dapat 21TTByn8104 Modal Sesudah 23TTByn10270 Preposition Di atas 25TTByn12280 Preposition Di depan 26TTByn13299 Preposition Table 11. The Translation Mapping of Preposition beyond

3. Translation Mapping and the Meanings of Preposition over

The total number of the data with preposition over found in the fiction City of Ember are 81 and are translated into several different classes of word, suffix –i, and in some cases they are not translated. Below is the table of the group of data with preposition over and each case of its translation is represented by one data only in the table. Preposition Number of Data Source Text Number of Data Target Text Over 28STOvr 14 When the lights were on, they cast a yellowish glow over the streets;… 28TTOvr 14 Ketika menyala, lampu-lampu itu memancarkan sinar kekuning-kuningan sepanjang jalan;… 29STOvr 26 … to cast the shadow of your head over the page you were writing on. 29TTOvr 27 …membuat bayangan kepalamu muncul di lembar yang sedang kau tulis. 30STOvr 318 She leapt over cracks and potholes. 30TTOvr 320 Dia melompati celah dan lubang jalan. 32STOvr 519 ―I can leapfrog over the trash can‖ 32TTOvr 521 ―Aku bisa lompat kodok melewati tempat sampah‖ 33STOvr 621 Lina lived in Quillium Square, over the yarn shop run by her grandmother. 33TTOvr 624 Lina tinggal di Alun-Alun Quillium, di atas toko benang yang dikelola oleh neneknya. 34STOvr 729 Now here was Mrs. Polster again, looming over Lina and pronouncing her message. 34TTOvr 733 Sekarang Lina kembali bersama Bu Polster, yang sedang berdiri di dekat Lina dan melafalkan pesannya. 47STOvr 2085 Fear had settled over the city. 47TTOvr 2295 Rasa takut meliputi segenap kota. Preposition Number of Data Source Text Number of Data Target Text Over 72STOvr 45182 He lay on his stomach next to the rock and inched forward until his head hung out over the edge of the path. 72TTOvr 48200 Dia tengkurap ke dekat batu dan beringsut ke depan hingga kepalanya menjulur ke luar pinggiran jalan setapak. 76STOvr 49184 She unfolded it, and Doon looked over her shoulder. 76TTOvr 52203 Dia membuka lipatannya, dan Doon mengintip dari belakang bahunya. 91STOvr 64220 There was a crash —someone must have fallen over the toppled chair or table. 91TTOvr 68243 Ada suara benturan —pasti ada yang jatuh tersandung kursi atau meja yang terjungkal. 105STOvr 78264 A city with trouble, where people argued over solutions. 105TTOv r82293 Sebuah kota dengan masalah, di mana orang-orang berdebat mencari solusi. 106STOvr 79265 Poppy went to sleep, but Lina and Doon sat looking out over the land. 106TTOv r83295 Poppy tertidur, Lina dan Doon duduk sambil melihat ke arah dataran. Table 12. The Group of Data with Preposition over The meanings and relationships of the preposition over in those data are various. To identify them, it is necessary to see other words that structure them. As Geeraerts and Taylor have stated in their Prototype Theory, prepositions cannot be described by their polysemous senses and meanings alone because those might be different in different contexts. According to Quirk et al. 1985: 666, the preposition over has various references and senses such as relative position vertical position, relative destination, passage with verbs of motion, it expresses movement towards and then away from a place, orientation, resultative the state of having reached the destination, static pervasive, motion pervasive, accompanying circumstances, ‗more than,‘ duration, and subject matter on the object of, concerning, about. The meanings and senses of preposition over based on Prototype theory and Quirk are classified as in the table below. Number of Data Object precede the preposition Preposition Object follow the preposition Meaning 28STOvr14 Glow Over The street Pervasive Along-above 29STOvr26 The shadow of your head Over The page Pervasive Covering 37STOvr1039 Looking out Over The whole city Pervasive 41STOvr1459 Washed Over Her Pervasive 42STOvr1566 Various clever people Over The course of Ember‘s history Pervasive 45STOvr1877 Came Over Her Pervasive 47STOvr2085 Had settled Over The city Pervasive 48STOvr2198 Came Over Her face Pervasive, covering 56STOvr2912 5 Came Over His face Pervasive 60STOvr3313 9 Swept Over Her Pervasive covering 61STOvr3415 8 Passed Over Doon‘s face Pervasive covering 83STOvr5620 2 All Over The table Pervasive covering 85STOvr5820 4 All Over The city Pervasive 103STOvr762 62 Swept Over The silver hills Pervasive, orientation 100STOvr732 56 Washed Over The land Pervasive 30STOvr318 Leapt Over Cracks and potholes Passage, resultative 32STOvr519 Leapfrog Over The trash can Passage movement 57STOvr3012 9 Stepped Over The rope Passage Number of Data Object precede the preposition Preposition Object follow the preposition Meaning 71STOvr4418 1 A finger Over Their convoluted surface Passage 58STOvr3113 7 Her hands Over The narrow ridge of her grandmother‘s body Passage, Relative position above 74STOvr4718 3 Himself Over The rock Passage 77STOvr5018 9 Dropped Over He ledge Passage 88STOvr6121 8 Came down Over His eyes Passage 94STOvr6723 6 Out Over The water Passage 102STOvr752 57 Roamed Over The green- coated slopes Passage 31STOvr418 Draped Over Their arms Relative position above 33STOvr621 Quillium Square Over The yarn shop Relative position above 34STOvr729 Looming Over Lina Relative position around, near 40STOvr1349 Two-bedroom apartment Over His father‘s shop Relative position above 36STOvr934 Bent Over The book of The City of Ember Relative position above 38STOvr1146 His hands Over His ears Relative position Covering 43STOvr1668 Drew together Over Her eyes Relative position above 44STOvr1776 Bent Over The pencils Relative position above 46STOvr1977 Hovered Over The pencils Relative position above 49STOvr2299 A hand Over Her heart Relative position around 51STOvr2410 3 His fingers Over What we‘ve written Relative position above Number of Data Object precede the preposition Preposition Object follow the preposition Meaning 52STOvr2510 6 The piece of paper Over The pasted- down scraps Relative position Covering, above 54STOvr2711 2 The plain sheet of paper Over The Instructions Relative position Covering, above 59STOvr3213 8 Part of the blanket Over Her lap Relative position Covering, relative destination 62STOvr3516 Dipping Over Sideways Relative position 63STOvr3616 4 Higher Over His eyes Relative position above 64STOvr3716 4 Rubbed a hand Over His chin Relative position around 78STOvr5119 4 It Over Their heads Relative position above 82STOvr5520 2 Draped Over The back of a chair Relative position 84STOvr5720 3 Slung Over His shoulder Relative position 91STOvr6422 Fallen Over the toppled chair or table Relative position 97STOvr7025 1 High Over Their heads Relative position above 99STOvr7225 4 Spread out Over Their heads Relative position above 101STOvr742 56 Arched Over Them Relative position above 107STOvr802 67 Out Over His hands Relative position, pervasive