Dynamic equivalence – “a translation principle according to which a
translator seeks to translate the meaning of the original in such a way that the TL wording will trigger the same impact on the TL audience as the original wording
did upon the ST audience. ” If formal equivalence focuses on the structure in order
to seek the closest message or translation of a text, dynamic equivalence focuses on finding the TT message and effect on the TT readers as similar as in the ST. It
is not only about the accuracy of conveying the ST message but also the naturalness of the TT.
To assess the back translation equivalence of the prepositions above, beyond, and over, Nidas
and Taber‟s formal equivalence is more suitable since it sees the accuracy of a translation from the structure of the TT that should be as
close as possible to the ST.
5. Theories of Back Translation
In a study of Questionnaires in Translation by Janet A. Harkness and Alicia Schoua-Glusberg 1998, they point out that back translation is considered
a translation assessment toolprocedure instead of a translation method. It involves the translation of a text, which itself is a translation, back into the originalsource
language and it is most commonly used and recommended as a way to assess translation work Werner and Campbell 1970.
According to Harkness and Glusberg, back translation functions as a way to comparecontrast and assess the back translation with the source text so that the
quality of a translation can be revealed. They provide the steps or methods of back translation, which are:
a. A source text in one language Source Language Text One, SLT1 is translated into another language Target Language Text, TLT.
b. The TLT is translated back into the language of SLT1 by a second translator, unfamiliar with the SLT1 and uninformed that there is an SLT1. This second
translation, the back translation, is SLT2.
c. SLT1 is compared to SLT2.
d. On the basis of differences or similarities between SLT1 and SLT2, conclusions are drawn about the equivalence of TLT to SLT1.
The more identical SLT1 and SLT2 are, the greater the equivalence between the TLT and the SLT1 is considered to be. It implies that the quality of
the translation is good. In the case of the prepositions above, beyond, and over, to assess whether their back translations are equivalent or not, it is necessary to look
at their meanings or messages they carry both in the original source texts and their back translations.
C. Theoretical Framework
This study aims at answering the problems that have been stated previously. In this part, the application of the theories on the study will be
explained. Theories on spatial relationships, the meanings of preposition, and theories on types of Indonesian preposition are applicable to answer the first
problem question. There are four theories of preposition applied in this study. They are the Prototype Theory by Geeraets 1989, Prepositional Meanings in A
