Definition of Terms INTRODUCTION

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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE

A. Review of Related Studies

The research uses two related studies about the equivalence and informativeness of English translation. The first related study is Michelle Apriana Kurniadi‟s “The Equivalence and The Acceptability of Irritation Expression Translation in The Subtitle of The Film Ice Age 3: Dawn of The Dinosaur ”. The second related study belongs to Diana Fransiska‟s ”Translation Problem Solving on Informativeness: Tracing the Translation Process Using Think-Aloud Protocols and Screen Recording Methods”. Both related studes are the thesis of undergraduate students from Sanata Dharma University.

1. Kurniadi’s thesis “The Equivalence and the Acceptability of Irritation

Expression Translation in The Subtitle of The Film Ice Age 3: Dawn of The Dinosaur ” This undergraduate thesis discusses the equivalence and acceptability of movie subtitle translation of Ice Age 3: Dawn of the Dinosaur. Kurniadi focuses on the subtitle expressing the irritation and annoyance of the characters. She applies the indicators of equivalence in which a text is equivalent if there are no missing message, additional words, and mistranslation in the target text. In the end of her undergraduate thesis, she concludes that a translation can be acceptable even though the translation is not equivalently correct. Visual scenes in a movie can help people in target language understand what the producer intends. Even though this present study also focuses on equivalence, this study has another different focus and different object from Kurniadi‟s. Kurniadi focuses on the equivalence and acceptability of a movie subtitle, while this study discusses equivalence using Mona Baker‟s theory of non-equivalence problems and the other translation aspect, that is the informativeness of English translation from an article of a bilingual magazine.

2. Fransiska’s ”Translation Problem Solving on Informativeness: Tracing

the Translation Process Using Think-Aloud Protocols and Screen Record ing Methods” In her thesis, Fransiska focuses on how people use translation strategies to solve their translation tasks and how informative the result of their translation to target text readers. She uses think-aloud protocols method which means a method expecting people to express their mental process while they perform tasks and screen recording method which means a software recording all changes in computer while someone operating it. To complete her experiment, she uses Carroll‟s theory of translation informativeness. The first observation were two students with different religious backgrounds were asked to translate a Christian text and an academic text. Their verbalized thoughts then were recorded. Any changes that the students made, such as clicks, correction, cursor movement and the use of internet and electronic dictionary were also recorded with screen recorder program. It came out that those students had different performance in translating the two kinds of text. They also applied different translation strategies. Over all, the Islam student got higher score of the translation informativeness than the Catholic one, even though the Catholic was better in translating the Christian text. It meant that background of knowledge, intelligence, socio-culture and religious became a great factor in translating a text. Fransiska focuses on translation strategies and informativeness of how two different people with different background translate the same texts. On her analysis of informativeness, she applies Car roll‟s theory of informativeness. Even though this study also uses Carroll‟s theory to analyse translation informativeness, it observes different object from Fransiska‟s, that is an article fro a bilingual magazine.

B. Review of Related Theories

1. Theory of Translation

Translation is a translator‟s or translators‟ course of action in replacing a language from a source text into another language of a target text in a specific socio-cultural context Hatim, 2004:6. In brief, translation is a process of changing a text from source language into target text done by a translator, or translators and it needs to consider the social and cultural situation of the target people. As stated by Nida, the new focus in translation is not only in the form of message, but also the response of the receptor 1974:1. In other words, in the process of translating, the translator must think more about the message conveyed and the response of target text readers while reading the target text.