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Tabel 2.5-2. Reseptor antiemetik spesifik dan efeknya Saeeda Islam, P.N. Jain. Postoperative nausea and Vomitting PONV
– a review article, Indian J. Anaesth, 2004; 48 4 : 253-258
30
Group and drugs Mechanism of action
Side effects D
2
M H
2
5HT
3
PHENOTIAZINES
1. Fluphenazine 2. Chlorpromazine
3. Prochlorperazine 4. Promazine
5. Perphenazine
6. Trifluperazin
+ + + + +
+ + -
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Sedation Extrapyramidal side
effects Cholestatic jaundice
Hemolytic abnormalities
Skin sensitization Hypotension
ANTIHISTAMINIC
1. Diphenydramine 2. Dimenhydrinate
3. Promethazine 4. Cyclizine
5. Meclizine
6. Hydroxyzine
+ + + + + + + - + +
+ + + + + + - Sedation
Drowsiness Depression
Drymouth
BUTYROPHENONES
1. Haloperidol
2. Droperidol 3. Domperidone
+ + + + - + + + + + + - + -
+ + + + - Drowsiness
Restlessness, hallucinations
Extrapyramidal side Effects
ANTICHOLINERGICS
Hyoscine scopolamine atropine
+ + + + + + - Dryness of mouth,
tachycardia, mydriasis, retention of urine,
somnolence
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Group and drugs PROKINETICS
1. Benzamides Metoclopramide
2. Thiobenzamides 3. Benzimidazole
derivatives Domperidone
4. Benzamide derivatives
CisaprideAlizaprid Clebopride
5. Substituted Benzamide
Batanopride Zacropride
Mechanism of action D
2
M
1
H
2
5HT
3
+ + + + - + + +
Side effect
Dysrrithmias, galactorrhoea
Gynaecomastia, Amenorrhoea,
Constipationdiarrhoea Extrapyramidal side
effects, drowsiness, hypertensive crisis
5HT
3
ANTAGONIST
Ondansetron Granisetron
Tropisetron Dolasetron
OTHERS
1. Corticosteroids Dexamethasone and
methylprednisolone 2. Cannabinoids
- D
9
tetrohydro cannabinoid
- Dronabidol - Nabilone
3. Benzodiazepins - Lorazepam
- Alprazolam 4. Clonidine and
ephedrine -
- - + + + +
They enhances the anti-emetic efficacy of other drugs
Sedative, anxiolytics Amnesia, enhance effectiveness of anti-
emetic regiments Allergic reactions
Dysrrythmias Bronchospasm
Blurred vision
Hyperglycaemia and
psychotic reaction etc. Hallucination
Disorientation Vertigo
Sedatives
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Keterangan : D
2
= reseptor dopamin tipe 2, M
1
= muskarinik tipe 1, H
2
= reseptor histamin tipe 2, 5HT
3
= reseptor serotonin tipe 3
2.6. ONDANSETRON