Technique of Data Analysis
3. Process validity Process validity is related to the reliability and competency of the research itself. To
fulfil the process of validity, the researcher took notes every meeting. She noted every single thing happened in the teaching and learnin process. The researcher also did an observation
during the implementation by using observation checklists and interviews after the implementation. The actions were done by regarding the classroom learning process during
the research. 4. Catalytic validity
Catalytic validity is related to the extent in which the research can make the participants understand more about the social context and make changes in the research. The
researcher allowed the participants to get deeper understanding of the materials and how they can create changes about their understanding of their actions. It was done by making the
reflections of students’ attitudes toward the actions and also interviewing the participants. Then, the English teacher got new techniques on how to teach reading more
communicatively. Moreover, the students could experience a fun English learning where they did not only listen to the teacher’s explanation.
5. Dialogic validity To gain this validity, the researcher conducted some discussions with the English
teacher and the collaborator who had observed the research process. The collaborator gave comments and review on the research: how the reseacher presented the materials,
implemented the games and so on. In addition, the data of the research must be reliable. Reliability means the consistency of measurement Bachman: 1996. It means that when the
researcher conducts the same actions to the same participants within two days, the results are consistent.