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CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
In this chapter, the researcher discusses how the research will be conducted in detail. This chapter is divided into eight subchapters. They are research type,
research setting, subjects of the research, time of the research, data collection technique, data analysis technique, validity and reliability of data, and procedure
of the research. Each of them is discussed below.
A. Research Type
This research uses the principles of action research. It is used to carry out actions to improve the students’ reading comprehension of class VII C of SMP N
2 Depok. Kemmis and McTaggart in Koshy 2005: 4 state that action research involves a spiral of self-reflective spirals of planning a change, acting and
observing the process, reflecting, acting and observing, reflecting, and so on. In addition, Burns 2010: 2 claims that the central idea of the action part of AR is to
intervene in a deliberate way in the problematic situation in order to bring about changes and, even better, improvements in practice. The researcher collaborated
with the teacher and the research team members in identifying the problems, planning and carrying out the actions, and evaluating the actions implemented.
B. Research Setting
This research was conducted at SMP N 2 Depok focusing on class VII C. The school is located at Street Dahlia Depok, Sleman, Yogyakarta. The available
rooms in this school are the headmaster’s room, teacher’s room, a room for guidance and counseling, an administration room, a school health unit, a kitchen,
a mosque, two teacher’s toilets, five students’ toilets, fifteenth classrooms. One class consists of about 30 to 34 students. Totally, there are 384 students, one
headmaster, eighteen teachers, one school guard, and two English teachers. The researcher decided to choose this location because the researcher did PPL in this
school and found some problems related to the students’ reading comprehension so that the researcher intended to solve the problems using jigsaw technique.
C. Subjects of the Research
The research involved the school principal, the English teachers, the students of SMP N 2 Depok; especially the students of class VII C of SMP N 2
Depok in the academic year of 20132014. The researcher chose the students of class VII C based on the observation in the class and interview with the teacher in
which it was found that the students had problems in reading comprehension.
D. Time of the Research
The researcher conducted the action research in the second semester in the academic year of 20132014. The observation was done on January 2014 and the
researcher conducted the action from April until July 2014. The researcher discussed the schedule with the teacher to implement the action research. The
researcher took to take two meetings from total three meetings of the English subject schedule of class VII C. The researcher chose the schedule on the Monday
and Wednesday. It was because the English teacher used the third meeting that was on Thursday to teach the class. The schedule is presented as follows.
Monday : 10.35-11.15
Wednesday : 11.45-13.05
E. Data Collection Technique
The data of this research were in the form of qualitative data and quantitative data. The qualitative data were collected through two techniques.
Those data were obtained through observation and interview techniques. The instruments that were used to collect the data were an observation sheet, interview
guidelines, a camera and a pre-test and a post-test. The observation was done in the teaching-learning process which was collecting data in the form of field notes.
To get more valid data, the researcher interviewed some of the students and the teacher. The data of interview were in the form of interview transcripts.
Meanwhile, the quantitative data were collected through scoring the students’ work. The researcher used a pre-test and a post-test to take the students’ score.
F. Data analysis Technique
To analyze the qualitative data, Miles and Huberman 1994: 10 state that there are three concurrent flows of activity: data reduction, data display, and
conclusion drawingverification that should be done. Data reduction refers to the process of selecting, focusing, simplifying, abstracting, and transforming the data
that appear in the written-up field notes or transcriptions Miles and Huberman, 1994: 10. In this regard, the researcher collected all data in the form of field notes
of observation and interview transcripts during the teaching learning process. Next, the researcher reduced the data in order to simplify and summarize the form
of data that is in the field. Data display is an organized, compressed assembly of information that permits conclusion drawing and action Miles and Huberman,
1994: 11. In this stage, the researcher decided to choose the data from the
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