Objective of the Study

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F. Significance of the Study

This research is expected to give some benefits for people in teaching and learning process such as teachers and students. For the students, they are expected to be more excited in learning English. They feel easier in reading English text, and they can explore their ability. And for the teachers, they can be more creative in teaching English by exploiting Cooperative Learning Method so that good atmosphere can be felt by the students. Further, this research is expected to be useful for other researchers who conduct the research on teaching reading narrative text using teams’ games tournaments field. 6

CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW

This chapter provides some theories related to the study. The theories focused on cooperative learning, narrative text, and teams games tournaments. This chapter also provided the relevant studies, framework of thinking, and research hypotheses.

A. The General Concept of Cooperative Learning 1. Definition of Cooperative Learning

Cooperative learning is the term used to describe instructional procedures whereby learners work together in small groups and are rewarded for their collective accomplishments. 1 In cooperative learning students learn together in the groups share the material which taught in order to achieve the goals of teaching and learning process. Roy Killen said that “Cooperative learning is an instructional technique in which learners work together in small groups to help one other achieve a common learning goal ”. 2 It means in cooperative situations, individuals seek outcomes that are beneficial to themselves and beneficial to all other group members. Cooperative learning enhances students’ enthusiasm for learning in order to get academic success. Slavin, one of the founders of cooperative learning, believes that the group focus of cooperative learning can changes the norm of youth culture and make it more acceptable to excel in academic learning tasks. 3 In addition, cooperative learning encouraged the students to work together and responsible for all comprehension of the groups’ members. According to Donald R. Cruickshank, Deborah Bainer Jenkins, and Kim K. Metcalf, they stated that: 1 Donald R. Cruickshank, Deborah Bainer Jenskins, Kim K. Metcalf, op. cit., p, 238. 2 Roy Killen, Effective Teaching Strategies 4 th Edition, South Melbourne: Cengage Learning, 2007, p, 181. 3 Richard I. Arends, Learning to Teach 7 th Edition, New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies, 2007, p, 345.