= Mean of Variable X = Mean of Variable Y
SE = Standard Error
X = Experimental Class
Y = Controlled Class
N = Students
= t observation
Prior the calculation of the T-test there are several steps to be taken, they are as follow:
a. Determining the Mean of Variable X, with formula:
b. Determining the Mean of Variable Y, with formula:
c. Determining the Standard Deviation Score of Variable X, with formula:
d. Determining the Standard Deviation Score of Variable Y, with formula:
e. Determining the Standard Error Mean of Variable X, with formula:
f. Determining the Standard Error Mean of Variable Y, with formula:
g. Determining the Standard Error of different Mean of Variable X and Mean of Variable Y, with formula:
h. Determining t
o,
with formula:
i. Determining the Degree of Freedom df, with formula:
H. Statistical Hypotheses
Before deciding the result of the hypotheses, the writer proposed two
hypotheses to be tested:
a. H
o
: there is empirical evidence that the use of Teams Games Tournament
TGT Technique is not effective in teaching reading in
second grade SMPN 1 Pakuhaji.
b. H
a
: there is empirical evidence that the use of Teams Games Tournament
TGT Technique is effective in teaching reading in second grade SMPN 1 Pakuhaji.
c.
H
o
:
µ
1
=
µ
2
d. H
a
:
µ
1
≠
µ
2
And then, the criteria used as follows: a. If
≤ t
table,
in significant degree of 1, the Null Hypothesis H
o
is accepted and H
a
or Hypothesis Alternative is rejected. It means that that there is not empirical evidence that the use of Teams Games
Tournament TGT Technique is effective in teaching reading.
b. If ≥ t
table,
in significant degree of 1, the Null Hypothesis H
o
is rejected and H
a
or Hypothesis Alternative is accepted. Therefore, there is empirical evidence that the use of Teams Games Tournament
TGT Technique is effective in teaching reading.
30
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDING
This chapter describes research findings and discussion of the study, it consists of research findings and interpretation of the data.
A. Description of the Data
The data were framed into two tables which are from controlled class and experimental
class. Each table consists of students’ score test which given by the writer. Here are the score of pre-test, post-test, and gain score.
1. The Data of Controlled Class
Table 4.1 Score of Pre-test and Post-test of the Controlled Class
STUDENTS SCORE
GAIN SCORE PRE-TEST
POST-TEST
1 45
50 5
2 35
35 3
45 50
5 4
50 50
5 40
50 10
6 45
45 7
50 55
5 8
30 35
5 9
25 35
10 10
10 10
11 30
40 10
12 40
40 13
30 40
10 14
45 45
15 30
30 16
30 30
17 20
25 5
18 45
50 5
19 20
25 5
20 40
55 15
21 40
45 5
22 25
30 5
23 35
35 24
25 40
15 25
35 40
5 26
25 40
15 27
40 45
5 28
35 40
5 29
35 45
10 30
25 30
5 31
20 25
5 32
20 30
10 33
25 25
34 30
40 10
35 35
35 36
35 40
5 37
40 45
5 38
25 25
39 30
40 10
40 25
25
Σ n = 40 Σ Y
= 1310 Σ Y
1
= 1515 Σ Y
2
= 205 AVERAGE
32.75 37.88
5.13 MAX
50 55
MIN 10
10
Mpre-test =
= = 32.75
Mpost-test =
=
=
37.88
Mgain=
=
=
5.13
From the controlled class data shown above, it can be concluded that the highest score on the pre-test was 50 and the lowest score was 10 with an average
of 32.75. The average of the pretest increased on the post-test up to 37.875. The highest score of post-test was 55 while the lowest score was 10. It can be seen that
the controlled class could only gained score about 5.13 points.
