11
in this category are recount, response, explanation, discussion, information report, exposition and procedure.
13
Based on the characteristics of text above, it can be said that different types of text have particular characteristics, depend on the purpose what people
are made for. For example, an advertisement and a novel both are have different characteristic of language because each made for different aim. The language that
used in the advertisement introduce the product, meanwhile, the language that used in the novel make the readers go into the story and feel the emotions of the
story. Furthermore, a text is divided toward two types that are spoken text and
written text. Sanggam Siahaan and Kisno Shinoda stated that a spoken text is any meaning spoken text. It can be a word or a phrase or a sentence or a discourse. A
spoken discourse can be monolog or a dialog or a conversation. It can be a song or poetry or a drama or a lecture, etc. a written text is any meaningful written text. It
can be a notice or a direction or an advertisement or a paragraph or an essay or an article or a book etc.
14
3. Definition of Narrative Text
According to Anderson, the definition of Narrative text is “Narrative text
type tells a story using spoken or written language. It can be communicated using radio, television, books, newspaper, or computer files, picture, facial expression,
and camera angles can also be used to help communicate meaning. Narratives are usually told by story teller”.
15
In addition, in the other book, Anderson also said that “The narrative text
type tells a story, its purpose is to present a view of the world that entertains or informs the reader or listeners
”.
16
13
Ibid., pp. 1-3
14
Sanggam Siahaan and Kisno Shinoda, Generic Text Structure, Yogyakarta; Graha Ilmu, 2008, p. 1
15
Anderson, op. cit., p. 2.
16
Mark Anderson and Kathy Anderson, Text Types in English 2, South Yarra: MacMillan Education Australia PTY LTD, 1997, p, 6.
12
Here is an example of the narrative text: A long time ago, there lived an old man in the
Penanggungan Mountain. His name was Kiai Gede Penanggungan. He had supernatural power. Kiai Gede Penanggungan prayed days
and nights for her daughter to have a husband. One day, a young handsome man came to his place. The name of the man was Jaka
Pandelengan. He wanted to be Kiai Gede Penanggungan’s student. Kiai Gede agreed to have Jaka as his student with one condition
that he would marry her daughter. Jaka Pandelengan and Dewi Walangangin soon get married. Kiai Gede Penanggungan taught
many things.
After several years, now it was time for the couple to live separately from Kiai Gede Penanggungan they would move to
another village. Kiai Gede gave some seeds of pari or paddy to the couple. He asked the couple to plant the seeds. He also warned the
couple not to be arrogant when they were rich. He wanted the couple to help poor people. The couple started new life. The
planted the seed. Soon, the seed grew and became a lot of rice. Now the couple became very rich. The poor neighbors came to the
couple to ask for the some pari seeds but the couple refused to help them.
Kiai Gede heard about the couple’s bad behavior. Soon he visited the couple. He met them when the couple as working on the
field. Kiai Gede talked to the couple. He reminded the couple not to be arrogant. But the couple ignored him. They said nothing to
Kiai Gede. Kiai Gede got very angry. Then he said “You two are like temples. You didn’t listen to me. Right after he said those
words, an incredible thing happened. Slowly, Jaka and Dewi turned into temple. Because the temples stood among the pari, people
named them as Pari Temple.
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4. Characteristics of Narrative Text
Based on Anderson, the characteristics of narrative text as below: The Narrative scaffold: First, Orientation, in this paragraph the
narrator tell the audience who is in the story, when it is happening, where it is happening and what is going on. Second, Complication,
this the part of the story where the narrator tells about something that will begin a chain of events, these events will effect one or
more the characters. The complication is the trigger. Third, Sequence of Events, this is where the narrator tells how the
characters react to the complication. It includes their feeling and
17
Dra. Erni Prihatin, et. Al., Pendalaman Materi Sukses Ujian Nasional Bahasa Inggris, Jakarta: AKASIA, 2012, p, 35.
