cxxx non-standard language. The person who was educated tends to use the standard
language when he speaks. Meanwhile the person who was categorized as uneducated people or lower class frequently employs the non-standard language
when he speaks. 2. Situation of the conversation
The situation of the conversation can be one of the affecting factors of the use the non-standard language. The speaker often uses the non-standard language
in informal event serious or relax situation. However, the non-standard language is mostly used in relax situation. This affecting factor, for example can be seen in
Dialogue 75.
Dialogue 75
Outside the tent. Casy takes the blame for knocking down the deputy
6. Casy
: Go on. Get in your tent. You don’t know
nothin’ 7.
Al :
How ‘bout you?
8. Casy
: Somebody got to take the blame. They just got to
hang it on someday, you know. An’ I ain’t doin’ nothin’ but set around.
9. Al
: But ain’t no reason.
10. Casy
: Lissen. I don’t care nothin’ about you, but if you
mess in this, your whole fambly li’ble 206D75JCGOWa to get in
trouble, an’ Tom get sent back to the penitentiary.
11. Al
: Okay. I think you’re a damn fool, though.
12. Casy
: Sure. Why not?
Data analysis:
cxxxi The dialogue above happened outside the tent. The situation was very
bad for Floyd smacked the deputy in his face. The deputy fired from the ground and everybody ran away into his tent. Casy stepped behind the deputy and kicked
him in the base of the skull. The deputy tumbled over unconscious. While everybody has disappeared into his tent, Al and Casy debated outside the tent.
Casy insisted to take the blame and Al could do nothing. Casy and Al were not close friends although they knew each other well.
Casy employed the non-standard language when he spoke to Al. He said in serious manner since the situation was very tense. He had to make a decision soon
and he did not care about his language. He just wanted to say what in his mind was. The conversation happened in informal situation although Casy spoke in
serious manner. Here, the use of the non-standard language by Casy was influenced by the situation of the conversation. The informal situation made Casy
speak as he liked. 3. Setting of the place
The setting of the place also determines the use of the non-standard language. The speaker usually uses the non-standard language in the places such
as in the house, in the farm, in the garden, in the market, and other public places. It is because these places have relax and informal situation characteristics. For
example, in the public place such as the market, the speaker can speak freely because the market is not a formal place. This affecting factor, for example, can
be seen in Dialogue 22.
Dialogue 22
Beside the tractor. There is a surprise in Muley’s face as he recognizes the driver
cxxxii Muley : Why, you’re Joe Davis’s boy
Davis : I don’t like nobody drawin’ 51D22DAGOWf a bead on me.
Muley : Then what are you doin’ this kind a thing for – against
your own people? Data analysis:
The dialogue between Davis and Muley above happened in the farm. Muley and the two younger men stood shoulder to shoulder watching a lumbering
tractor headed straight toward them. Muley held a shotgun. The roar of the tractor came closer. When Muley lifted his shotgun to his shoulder, the tractor stopped.
The driver took off his goggles and dust mask. Muley was surprised as he recognized that the driver was his friend’s son.
Davis reacted to Muley’s statement by shouting impolitely. He did not care though Muley was his father’s friend. He just cared about his job and the life
of his family. Muley and Davis talked in tense manner. Each of them tried to defend their own standpoints. The topic of the conversation here was the personal
problems between Muley and Davis concerning with land possession. Both of them employed the non-standard language since they talked in the farm. Although
the topic of the conversation was serious enough, they employed the non-standard language. It was because the setting of the place was in the farm and the
participants did not have to use the standard language in the farm. 4. Purpose of the speaking
When the speakers use the non-standard language, they usually have some purposes such as to show intimacy, to make a chit-chat, to express anger,
humiliation or mocking, to enrich the language and so on. The participants of the
cxxxiii dialogue below use the non-standard language to express their anger. It can be seen
in detail in the Dialogue 20.
Dialogue 20
In the farm. Muley and the man try to defend their own standpoints
